Análise epidemiológica de doenças de notificação obrigatória em animais de produção no Espírito Santo no período de 2012 a 2023
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Data
2024-08-07
Autores
Peruzzo, Gabriela Ponath
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The health of production animals is crucial for ensuring food security, protecting public health, and driving economic growth. This study evaluated the epidemiological aspects of major notifiable diseases in production animals in Espírito Santo from 2012 to 2023, through the compilation of notifications, identification of behavioral patterns, geographic distribution, and risk factors associated with these diseases. Data were obtained from the Instituto de Defesa Agropecuária e Florestal do Espírito Santo (Idaf), covering 48 diseases and various animal species, including cattle, horses, pigs, poultry, bees, and sheep. These data were organized by disease type, number of affected animals, species, municipality, and notification date. For the diseases of rabies, equine infectious anemia (EIA), bovine tuberculosis, bovine brucellosis, and glanders, geographic distribution analysis, regression analysis, and scatter plots were conducted. Spatial distribution analysis was performed using QGIS software, utilizing geographic databases from IBGE. Statistical analysis involved regression analysis and scatter plots examining disease behavior over time using GENES software, with application of the T-test (p<0.05). For rabies, geographic coordinates available for the period from 2020 to 2023 were used to create hypsometric and land cover maps. Additionally, Spearman correlation analysis (p<0.05) was performed to correlate positive cases with the altitude of notifications and the percentage of pastures in positive municipalities. An epidemiological questionnaire was also administered to producers with reported positive cases of rabies and to those without rabies occurrences. Among the findings, enzootic pneumonia, circovirus in pigs, equine infectious anemia, tuberculosis, and rabies in cattle emerged as the most frequently reported diseases. New diseases were identified in the state, such as West Nile fever in horses, European foulbrood and the small hive beetle in bees, and highly pathogenic avian influenza in poultry. Temporal analysis revealed a decrease in notifications over the years, except for rabies, which exhibited cyclic occurrence. Spatial analysis of rabies showed a strong negative correlation between altitude and rabies cases, indicating that positive notifications of rabies occurred at lower altitudes. Significant risk factors for rabies occurrence in cattle included properties with the presence of mountainous structures nearby and observations of cattle depredation. In conclusion, it can be stated that the study provided a detailed analysis of the main reportable diseases in livestock in Espírito Santo, highlighting the importance of epidemiological monitoring for both animal and human health. Furthermore, new health diseases notifications and specific geographic patterns were identified, underscoring the need for targeted control strategies based on environmental and risk factors.
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Brucelose , Tuberculose , Epidemiologia