"Com quem os filhos ficarão?": representações sociais da guarda após a separação conjugal
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Data
2011-05-16
Autores
Schneebeli, Fernanda Cabral Ferreira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This study aimed to investigate the social representations of child custody in cases of marital separation and was based on the Theory of Social Representations by Serge Moscovici. Sharing parenting is a task inherent to parental rights and it is carried during marriage or stable union. The issue becomes controversial when there is marital separation and it becomes necessary to discuss with whom the children will stay. In Brazil, in most cases, custody is given to the mother, as we depart from the principle that it is natural that children be raised by mothers with the help of fathers. However, the relativization of this naturalistic conception of motherhood has gained prominence whith the publication of legislation establishing joint custody in the Brazilian law in 2008. To find out what they think about this new possibility, 30 subjects were chosen, 15 mothers and 15 fathers of minor children, inhabitants of Vitória/ES, with a college degree and an average age of 40 years old. The instruments were an interview and a questionnaire concerning the following themes: reflection and decision on marital separation, implementation of marital separation, life after marital separation, and child custody. Responses were audio taped and transcribed. Data were analyzed using thematic content analysis. The main results indicate that during the phase of reflection and decision on marital separation the psychological well-being of the children was the concern most frequently mentioned by the subjects and that the children´s reaction influences the decision on the separation of the couple. In the phase of implementation of marital separation, for most subjects, the children should stay with the mother when the couple separates, and they consider that the children´s opinion influences the parents´s decision about custody and visitation. In the phase after marital separation, the concerns most often mentioned by the subjects were the psychological well-being of the children and actively participate in the children's lives. The elements that made up the social representation of unilateral custody were maternal custody, exclusivity of one parent and exclusion of the other, and disagreement between the former spouses. In the social representation of joint custody the elements found were equal interaction between parents and children, division of the responsibilities over the children between the parents, agreement and/or friendship between the parents, also diversity of environments, that invokes the notion of source of learning to the children and the possibility of confusion in education. The results indicate that the preference for unilateral custody and the resistance to joint custody are related to the social representations of motherhood and fatherhood, which take the mother figure as central in the upbringing of children.
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Palavras-chave
Child custody , Marital separation , Motherhood , Fatherhood , Parentalidade , Parenthood , Separação conjugal
Citação
SCHNEEBELI, Fernanda Cabral Ferreira. "Com quem os filhos ficarão?": representações sociais da guarda após a separação conjugal. 2011. 128 f. Dissertação (Mestrado em Psicologia) - Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Centro de Ciências Humanas e Naturais, Vitória, 2011.