Conhecimento, atitude e prática de pacientes submetidos ao cateterismo cardíaco e à intervenção coronária percutânea
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Data
2024-10-23
Autores
Souza Netto, Priscilla Gabriel de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Introduction: Within the context of interventional cardiology, the nurse plays a crucial role in providing care, not only during the hemodynamic procedure but also as an educator. The guidance provided by this professional is fundamental to ensuring patient safety and preventing misconceptions that could pose risks in the pre- procedure, during, and post-procedure phases. Analyzing the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of elective patients who will undergo cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) will provide support for the development of educational actions that can enhance accuracy and safety in the preparation and execution of these procedures. This will, therefore, contribute to the management planning of actions aimed at this target population, promoting optimal handling and reducing the risk of complications. General Objective: To evaluate the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention. Methodology: This dissertation consists of two interdependent studies conducted in Vitória, Espírito Santo: 1) a methodological study for the construction and validation of a KAP questionnaire, conducted between August 2023 and June 2024; 2) a cross-sectional study aimed at evaluating the knowledge, attitudes, and practices of elective patients undergoing cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention, with data collection from June to July 2024. The methodological study was conducted in two phases: a) identification of the domains and preparation of the KAP survey questions; b) validation of the KAP survey. The cross-sectional phase involved the application of the KAP survey to 49 patients admitted for cardiac catheterization or percutaneous coronary intervention at a university hospital in the Southeast Region. Data analysis was based on the responses regarding patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices about cardiac catheterization and percutaneous coronary intervention. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used for data analysis. Results: All domains of the KAP survey demonstrated content validity (CVC greater than 0.8) and nearly perfect internal consistency, with Cronbach's alpha values exceeding 0.80. The final questionnaire included the following domains: (1) Sociodemographic characteristics, with 22 items; (2) Pre-procedure knowledge, comprising 13 items related to cardiac catheterization and 5 items related to percutaneous coronary intervention, totaling 18 items. The overall evaluation of pre-procedure knowledge revealed that only 3 patients (6.1%) had "good" knowledge. In contrast, 34 patients (69.4%) displayed positive attitudes, and 42 (85.7%) demonstrated good practices. The post-procedure evaluation of the KAP survey showed that only 14 (28.6%) patients had "good" knowledge, while 44 (89.8%) and 46 (93.4%) patients exhibited positive attitudes and practices, respectively. Variables associated with higher knowledge, positive attitudes, and proactive practices concerning CAT and PCI included patients’ desire for information about the procedures, owning a mobile phone, and education level, particularly those with at least a high school diploma compared to illiterate individuals. Conclusion: This dissertation produced a KAP survey for elective patients undergoing cardiac catheterization (CAT) and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI), which is freely available online for use throughout Brazil. The cross-sectional study provided insights into these patients' knowledge, attitudes, and practices, including their preparation for the procedure, self-care management, and recognition of complications. It is anticipated that these findings will assist in the development and implementation of educational programs aimed at imroving the self-management practices of these patients.
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Atitudes e prática em saúde , Cateterismo cardíaco , Intervenção coronária percutânea