Associação entre composição corporal, estágio puberal, hábitos de vida e dislipidemia em crianças e adolescentes
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Data
2017-07-25
Autores
Oliosa, Polyana Romano
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Objective: To analyze the lipid profile of children and adolescents in the age group of 6 to 18 years incomplete and its relation with nutritional status, body composition, life habits, puberty and to verify the impact of body fat accumulation on plasma lipids in boys and girls. Methods: We studied 854 schoolchildren of both sexes. The anthropometric variables analyzed were waist circumference (WC), height, weight, percentage of body fat (% G), body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference by height (RCE). Total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDLc), low density lipoprotein (LDLc) and non-HDL cholesterol (Non-HDLc) were measured in blood. Age was stratified in 6┣ 9 years, 9┣ 15 years and 15┣ 19 years, and the pubertal stages classified according to the Tanner scale in 1 (pre-pubertal), 2 to 4 (puberal) and 5 (post-puberal). Descriptive data were analyzed using the chi-square test, continuous variables presented by mean ± standard deviation and percentages. The analyzes were done by T-Student, ANOVA (followed by Tukey's test) and linear regression. The significance was set at p <0.05. Results: The sample consisted of 56% (n = 478) of boys. The prevailing age was 9 to 15 years (n = 584, 68.4%) with a mean of 11.87 ± 2.8 years. When analyzed the variables of life habits, the male practiced more physical activity, both inside and outside the "Estação Conhecimento" (p = 0.000) and had the habit of feeding with parents and / or guardians, more frequent (p = 0.002 ). There was no difference between the sexes for screen time (p = 0.270), leisure (p = 0.887) and breakfast (p = 0.286). When checking the influence of these variables on the lipid fractions, we did not obtain association (p> 0.05). Overweight was observed in 28.2% of the girls and in 20.3% of the boys (p <0.05). The boys classified in the pubertal and post-pubertal stages had lower (p <0.01) CT, LDLc and non-HDLc concentrations than pre-pubertals. Adolescents aged 15 to 19 years incomplete had lower concentrations of lipid fractions than those aged 6 to 9 years, 9 to 15 years (p <0.01). The mean levels of TC, LDLc and HDLc were higher in girls, however, with no difference between sexes when stratified by pubertal stages (p = 0.093) and age (p = 0.797). Plasma lipid levels change markedly during the pubertal stages. Obese boys had higher CT, non-HDLc and LDLc than eutrophic, whereas in non-HDLc only girls had significance (p <0.05). Boys and girls with inadequate% G and RCE had a higher concentration of LDLc and non-HDLc (p <0.001) when compared to children who had% G and an appropriate RCE. The% G and RCE were positively associated with lipid fractions (CT and non-HDLc) in both genders (p <0.001). The percentage of high body fat contributed with 21% of children or adolescents having high cholesterol (≥170 mg / dL). Conclusion: The nutritional status and excess body fat, are positively associated with the atherogenic lipid profile, impacting with more evidence in the male sex. There was no increase in cholesterol with age, but decreases as age advances as well as with pubertal stages, lipid fractions also decrease. As for the association between life habits and lipid fractions, no feasible associations were found. Thus, the data emphasize the need to control body weight, especially a monitoring of the body composition of children and adolescents aiming at the prevention of cardiovascular diseases in adult life.
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Child , Adolescent , Obesity , Puberty , Cholesterol , Anthropometry , Criança , Adolescente , Obesidade , Puberdade , Colesterol , Antropometria