Carreira de universitários STEM : estudo pela teoria da psicologia do trabalhar no Brasil
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Data
2024-10-31
Autores
Morello, Gabriela Pelissari
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Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Existe uma preocupação global e contínua de ampliar a força de trabalho nas áreas STEM, especialmente entre grupos menorizados. Para discutir o tema, os estudos desta Dissertação utilizaram como base teórica a Teoria da Psicologia do Trabalhar (TPT), que enfatiza a influência de fatores socioculturais, econômicos e políticos nas trajetórias de carreira. Esta dissertação de mestrado buscou, por meio de dois estudos, investigar aspectos relativos ao modelo da TPT para universitários(as) brasileiros(as) de áreas STEM. O primeiro estudo teve como objetivo adaptar e levantar evidências de validade de estrutura interna e externa para o Brasil de uma versão reduzida da Proactive Personality Scale. As análises estatísticas demonstraram a robustez da escala para a população estudada e as evidências externas de validação comprovaram que o construto Personalidade Proativa se correlacionou positivamente com construtos da TPT (Volição, Trabalho Decente Futuro e Suporte Social Percebido). Ademais, as evidências de validade discriminante demonstraram que a Personalidade Proativa não se diferenciou entre homens e mulheres e entre pessoas de baixo, médio e alto Status Social Subjetivo. O segundo estudo teve como objetivo investigar as relações entre Barreiras de Carreira e variáveis do modelo teórico da Psicologia do Trabalhar (Volição, Personalidade Proativa, Trabalho Decente Futuro e Suporte Social Percebido), e o impacto dessas relações na Satisfação com o Curso Acadêmico. Ao conduzir análises comparativas entre mulheres e homens, constatou-se que as mulheres perceberam maiores níveis de Barreiras de Carreira quando comparadas aos homens. Além disso, os resultados indicaram que as Barreiras de Carreira foram preditoras negativas do Trabalho Decente e que essa relação foi mediada pela Volição. Contrariando as hipóteses do estudo, a Personalidade Proativa não funcionou como variável moderadora para o modelo, enquanto o Suporte Social moderou a relação entre Barreiras de Carreira e Trabalho Decente Futuro. O estudo trouxe contribuições teóricas que apoiaram a validade transcultural do modelo da TPT para o contexto brasileiro. A discussão dos resultados enfatiza a necessidade de olhar para o contexto socioeconômico e o cenário dos campos STEM no Brasil, para que seja possível adotar um diálogo intercultural com teorias e práticas em busca da justiça social no trabalho. Por fim, são debatidas as limitações dos estudos, bem como sugeridas pesquisas futuras para o campo de orientação profissional e de carreira, considerando o contexto dos participantes da pesquisa
There is an ongoing global concern to expand the workforce in STEM fields, especially among disadvantaged groups. To discuss this issue, the studies in this dissertation used The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) as their theoretical basis, which emphasizes the influence of sociocultural, economic and political factors on career trajectories. This master's dissertation sought, through two studies, to investigate aspects related to the PWT model for Brazilian university students in STEM fields. The first study consisted of adapting a reduced version of the Proactive Personality Scale and gathering evidence of the validity of its internal and external structure for Brazil. The statistical analyses demonstrated the robustness of the scale for the population studied, and the external validation evidence showed that the Proactive Personality construct correlated positively with PWT constructs (Volition, Future Decent Work and Perceived Social Support). Furthermore, evidence of discriminant validity demonstrated that Proactive Personality did not differ between men and women and between people with low, medium and high Subjective Social Status. The second study sought to investigate the relationships between Career Barriers and variables from The Psychology of Working theoretical model (Volition, Proactive Personality, Decent Future Work and Perceived Social Support), and the impact of these relationships on Satisfaction with the Academic Course. When conducting comparative analyses between women and men, it was found that women perceived higher levels of Career Barriers when compared to men. Moreover, results indicated that Career Barriers were negative predictors of Decent Work, and that this relationship was mediated by Volition. Contrary to the study's hypotheses, Proactive Personality did not work as a moderating variable for the model, while Social Support moderated the relationship between Career Barriers and Future Decent Work. The study brought theoretical contributions that supported the cross-cultural validity of the TPT model for the Brazilian context. The discussion of the results emphasizes the need to look at the socioeconomic context and the scenario of STEM fields in Brazil, so that it is possible to adopt an intercultural dialogue with theories and practices in search of social justice at work. Finally, the limitations of the studies are discussed, as well as suggested future research for the field of career and professional guidance, considering the context of the research participants
There is an ongoing global concern to expand the workforce in STEM fields, especially among disadvantaged groups. To discuss this issue, the studies in this dissertation used The Psychology of Working Theory (PWT) as their theoretical basis, which emphasizes the influence of sociocultural, economic and political factors on career trajectories. This master's dissertation sought, through two studies, to investigate aspects related to the PWT model for Brazilian university students in STEM fields. The first study consisted of adapting a reduced version of the Proactive Personality Scale and gathering evidence of the validity of its internal and external structure for Brazil. The statistical analyses demonstrated the robustness of the scale for the population studied, and the external validation evidence showed that the Proactive Personality construct correlated positively with PWT constructs (Volition, Future Decent Work and Perceived Social Support). Furthermore, evidence of discriminant validity demonstrated that Proactive Personality did not differ between men and women and between people with low, medium and high Subjective Social Status. The second study sought to investigate the relationships between Career Barriers and variables from The Psychology of Working theoretical model (Volition, Proactive Personality, Decent Future Work and Perceived Social Support), and the impact of these relationships on Satisfaction with the Academic Course. When conducting comparative analyses between women and men, it was found that women perceived higher levels of Career Barriers when compared to men. Moreover, results indicated that Career Barriers were negative predictors of Decent Work, and that this relationship was mediated by Volition. Contrary to the study's hypotheses, Proactive Personality did not work as a moderating variable for the model, while Social Support moderated the relationship between Career Barriers and Future Decent Work. The study brought theoretical contributions that supported the cross-cultural validity of the TPT model for the Brazilian context. The discussion of the results emphasizes the need to look at the socioeconomic context and the scenario of STEM fields in Brazil, so that it is possible to adopt an intercultural dialogue with theories and practices in search of social justice at work. Finally, the limitations of the studies are discussed, as well as suggested future research for the field of career and professional guidance, considering the context of the research participants
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STEM , Personalidade proativa , Teoria da psicologia do trabalhar , Barreiras de carreira , Proactive personality , The psychology of working theory , Career barriers