Fatores associados à insatisfação corporal no final da infância e início da adolescência
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Data
2018-02-27
Autores
Martins, Caroline Resende
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The objective of this study was to identify factors associated with body dissatisfaction at the end of childhood (8-9 years) and beginning of adolescence (10-14 years) in children and adolescents in the Maruípe region of the city of Vitória-ES. It is an observational, cross-sectional study with 296 children and adolescents aged 8 to 14 years of public schools in Vitória / ES. To evaluate the biochemical profile, after a 12- hour fast, 10 mL of blood was collected for the determination of fasting glycemia, plasma insulin, total cholesterol and fractions (HDL and LDL), plasma triglycerides (TGC), acid uric acid (AU), plasma insulin, C-reactive protein and total leukocytes. Insulin resistance was assessed by calculating the HOMA-IR index. Measurements of weight, height, waist circumference (WC), neck circumference (NC), hip circumference (HC) and body fat percentage (% BF) were obtained. Body dissatisfaction was assessed through the Kakeshita silhouettes scale, as well as questions from the Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ) were used to evaluate eating behaviors. Socioeconomic conditions, physical activity, eating habits, race / color, smoking and alcohol consumption were also evaluated. Sexual maturation was assessed through the selfassessment proposed by Tanner. A subsample for the screening of eating disorders was carried out using the Edinburgh Bulimia Research Test (BITE) and Food Attitude Test (EAT) tests. We used the Shapiro Willk Normality Test, non-parametric tests and simple and multiple logistic regression models. The project was approved by the Human Research Ethics Committee of the Federal University of Espírito Santo (opinion No. 1,565,490) and the Informed Consent Form and Assent was signed by the participants and their officials. It was observed that 88.8% (n = 263) of the sample was dissatisfied with body image, with the desire to lose weight in girls (68.5%) (p <0.0001) and to gain weight in the boys (35.1%) (p <0.0001). In girls, the prevalence of high triglycerides, high fasting insulin and insulin resistance were significantly higher than in boys. No group of dissatisfied ones such as prevalence of overweight, excess body fat, high WC, elevated CRF, high fasting insulin and high waist height ratio (WHR) were greater than satisfied. In the sub-sample, it was possible to observe that the prevalence of individuals who presented positive screening for anorexia nervosa was higher than that of the unsatisfied group (p <0.05). In the simple regression it was observed that overweight, WHR, inadequate% BF, high plasma insulin and cigarette use were associated with body dissatisfaction, presenting different behaviors according to stage and sexual maturation. However, only overweight remained in the final model, in early adolescence and in the final stages of sexual maturation. It is concluded that overweight was the main factor associated with body dissatisfaction in the children and adolescents of this study, being essential the evaluation of the life stage and the degree of maturation that these are.
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Body dissatisfaction , Overweight , Childhood , Adolescence , Insatisfação corporal , Excesso de peso , Infância , Adolescência