Geografia e pesca: saberes tradicionais, percepções e conflitos no litoral centro-sul do Espírito Santo
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Data
2022-11-22
Autores
Corrêa, Josilene Cavalcante
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The local knowledge of traditional fishing populations is a relevant source in studies on fishing ecosystems and can be added to scientific studies. Artisanal fishing carried out by a community based on the south coast of Espírito Santo is approached in the light of ethnoecological knowledge about fishing regions. The objective is to describe and analyze the fishing carried out by members of the community and the challenges foreseen with the implementation of mega-projects in the region, in the perception of the participating fishermen. Snooks (Centropomus spp.), mackerels (Scomberomorus spp.), brown mussels (Perna perna) and octopuses (Octopus vulgaris) were the targets chosen for this study. Through dialogue between local knowledge and scientific knowledge, an attempt was made to understand the criteria used in the selection of fishing grounds, to identify their geographic characteristics, as well as strategies to overcome conditions that are not favorable to their activities. The main technique used in the production of primary data was interviews (n=22) combined with participatory mapping with artisanal fishermen in the locality of Ubu and Parati, municipality of Anchieta. Data were investigated through discourse analysis. The hypothesis is that the fisherman strategically takes advantage of knowledge that they have about region environment, which guides them on how to extract resources, enabling conditions of minimum and continuous subsistence throughout the year. The interviews reveal that urban and industrial growth has been extending over territories traditionally occupied by the fishing community, which has made difficult access to fishing areas and productivity. Carrying out ethnoecological studies can be the starting point for having information and challenges related to the management of coastal spaces, in order to include debates about the socio-environmental perspectives of those who live in the place. It was found that the community has a diversified fishery that extends from the rocky headlands that border the region's beaches to a distance of three nautical miles, in regions where the substrate is covered by gravel and rhodolith banks. The empirical knowledge accumulated by the fishermen is largely correlated to the scientific literature, however there is still a lack of studies that take into account the specific reality of the study area and that can more solidly support the construction of a local fisheries management policy.
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Pesca artesanal , Litoral sul do Espírito Santo , Territórios pesqueiros , Etnoecologia