Depressão em mulheres residentes em Vitória, Espírito Santo: Prevalência e fatores associados
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Data
2024-11-19
Autores
Angarita, Daniela Marisol Pérez
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
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INTRODUCTION: Depression is a complex and multifactorial psychiatric disorder that affects people's health, well-being and quality of life, and is considered a public health problem that urgently needs to be addressed. OBJECTIVES: The general objective of this research was to analyze the symptoms of depression in women living in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo, and the associated factors. The specific objectives were: To verify the prevalence of symptoms of depression and its association with socioeconomic, clinical and behavioral characteristics in women living in Vitória, Espírito Santo. To identify the prevalence of symptoms of depression in women with a history of intimate partner violence living in Vitória, Espírito Santo. METHOD: A population-based crosssectional study; 1086 women aged 18 or over, living in the city of Vitória, Espírito Santo (ES), located in the Southeast region of Brazil, participated in the study. To study depression (dependent variable), the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) was used. A questionnaire was applied to study the socioeconomic, behavioral, and clinical characteristics (independent variables) and the scale on violence against women by the intimate partner, World Health Organization Violence Against Women (WHO VAW STUDY), (WHO, 2005) of the World Health Organization. The analyses were performed in the statistical program Stata version 17.0 using descriptive statistics by crude and relative frequency and their 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Bivariate analyses were performed using Pearson's chi-square test (χ2). Poisson regression with robust variance by crude and adjusted Prevalence Ratio (PR) along with confidence intervals (95% CI). RESULTS: The prevalence of depressive symptoms was 23.9%, with higher rates in women who did not practice physical exercise (PR: 1.47; 95%CI 1.17-1.87), smokers (PR: 1.51; 95%CI 1.18-1.94), with less education (PR: 1.59; 95%CI 1.19-2.12), without religion (PR 1.47; 95%CI 1.15-1.88), with government assistance (PR: 1.41; 95%CI 1.111.80) and with a diagnosis of multimorbidity (PR: 1.60; 95%CI 1.29-1.98). It was observed that women who suffered violence throughout their lives had a 2.55-point higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (95%CI 2.01-3.23), and women who suffered violence during the Covid-19 pandemic had 2.24-point higher prevalence of depressive symptoms (95%CI 1.82-2.75) compared to those who did not suffer intimate partner violence. CONCLUSION: The analyses indicate that there is an association between depressive symptoms and socioeconomic, clinical and behavioral characteristics and intimate partner violence against women (IPV). The importance of developing actions and public policies related to the diagnosis, prevention and treatment of depression is highlighted.
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Saúde das mulheres , Violência contra a mulher , Fatores de risco