Efeitos da invasão por Acacia spp. (fabaceae) sobre a fauna edáfica na floresta de tabuleiros

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Data
2025-03-12
Autores
Fiorini, Jackson Fabris
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Edaphic fauna consists of invertebrates that live permanently in the soil or that spend one or more stages of their life cycle in this environment. The organisms that comprise this fauna respond to land-use changes and perform important functions in terrestrial ecosystems, such as nutrient cycling. Therefore, edaphic fauna plays a role in maintaining the physical, chemical, and biological properties of the soil and can serve as an indicator of soil quality, providing valuable input for environmental monitoring. This study aimed to assess the impact of the biological invasion of species from the genus Acacia on the edaphic fauna community in the Tableland Forest. The research was conducted in fragments of tableland forest located in municipalities in the northern region of Espírito Santo and the extreme south of Bahia, Brazil. These fragments were classified into three types: primary forest, secondary forest, and secondary forest invaded by Acacia spp. Five fragments of each type were evaluated, totaling 15 fragments. Within each fragment, five 10 x 20 m plots were established. In each plot, samples of soil and leaf litter were collected for the extraction of edaphic fauna using Berlese-Tullgren extractors, and for the analysis of soil and litter chemical attributes. To evaluate the composition of edaphic fauna taxonomic groups, a non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) analysis was performed. Taxonomic diversity was tested using species richness estimates and the Shannon diversity index. To assess the abundance of functional groups, an analysis of variance was conducted, with data presented as boxplots. Soil and litter chemical attributes were analyzed using principal component analysis (PCA). After sorting the material, the total edaphic fauna amounted to 17,413 individuals, with 54% found in the primary forest, 25% in the secondary forest, and 21% in the Acacia-invaded forest. Of all the organisms, 71% were associated with leaf litter and 29% with the soil. The results indicated a decrease in the total abundance of the community, the abundance of functional groups of predators and saprophagous/predators in both soil and litter, and a reduction in taxonomic group richness in the litter in forests invaded by exotic Acacia species, compared to non-invaded forest areas (primary and secondary forests). The reduced capacity to support edaphic fauna dynamics in the secondary forest invaded by Acacia was influenced by lower soil fertility and lower nutrient concentrations in the litter compared to non-invaded forest areas. This study demonstrates that the presence of Acacia species reduces the abundance of edaphic fauna and alters the dynamics of the food web, as the functional group of predators showed differences between the evaluated forest types and between soil and litter compartments.
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Espécies exóticas invasoras , Fauna do solo , Mata Atlântica
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