A produção territorial da (in)existência os pescadores artesanais marítimos e o neoextrativismo nas comunidades de Barra do Riacho e de Barra do Sahy, município de Aracruz-ES
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Data
2024-09-30
Autores
Marchese, Vinicius Francisco
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
This Doctoral Thesis aims to analyze the development and consequences of contemporary brazilian territorial production, focusing on areas that are geographically differentiated, which become the target of neo-extractivist harassment, but are used and occupied by Traditional Peoples and Communities whose ways of life are not related to the modes of production that they wish to insert there. To this end, we start from the hypothesis that the aim of state power is to support processes of expropriation of these territories and the consequent expulsion of those who previously lived there, preferably concealing all the risks and damage caused to their existence. Therefore, basing the approaches on the foucauldian matrix (Foucault, 1995, 1999, 2005 et al.), based on observations made by the french philosopher himself and by authors who either followed him or reworked his theoretical-conceptual construct, this research seeks to observe, within the communities of Barra do Riacho and Barra do Sahy, both in the city of Aracruz-ES, how neoliberal values cohere with neo-extractivist interests in an endeavor that is dedicated to promoting the non-existence of sócio environmental aspects in order for political-economic aspects to prevail. In this sense, a dialectical analysis of the economic and, consequently, territorial development of artisanal fishing, a pre rooted activity in these areas, and neo-extractivism, an activity that has been inserted there in its various forms, was the basis for our observations and case studies. Thus, in methodological terms, the research is based on an extensive bibliographical and documentary survey, using authors who helped us understand the history and dynamics involved in the territorial production processes of both fishing and neo-extractivism, such as Diegues (1983, 1988, 1992 et al.) and Silva (2014, 2015, 2016 et al.), on the former, and Gudynas (2009, 2015, 2020 et al.), on the latter. With regard to the documentary survey, this was based on the archives of environmental agencies such as ICMBio and Iema, as well as journalistic articles and Environmental Impact Studies related to the projects in the areas chosen for analysis. Special attention was also paid to the digital collection of National Legislation on the Planalto Portal (Brasil, 1975, 1981, 1988 et al.). In addition, interviews were conducted with the public of interest and field trips made it possible to experience in situ the transformations that have taken place in these territories. Through these visits and the interaction with the communities and their leaders, data was collected that revealed the strategies for rexistence of artisanal fishermen and shellfish gatherers in the face of the pressures of a neo extractivism that bases its actions on the (non)action of hegemonic agents, such as state powers. Finally, in order to attest to and endorse our considerations, the research was based on the development of an “intelligibility grid” made up of what we call “conditionalities”, which were applied to an “(Non)Existential Abacus”, a kind of methodological tool created with the aim of measuring, albeit in a playful and subjective way, the degree to which the community under analysis is affected. In this way, the possible development of a Territorial Production of (Non)Existence, our central hypothesis, was put to the test, showing results that demonstrate an increasingly uncertain future for artisanal fishing in the region, with clear signs of a non-existent process/project for the communities. At the same time, the material and symbolic voids left behind by these populations are quickly re-appropriated by neo-extractivism, which realizes a spatial rationality that is indifferent to, or even encouraged by, the socio-environmental damage it causes. That said, by connecting the methodological principles developed here with the data collected, analyzed and systematized, the investigation offers a critical analysis and a new possibility for interpreting and assimilating contemporary territorialization processes in Brazil, which perpetuate inequalities and disregard ways of life that resist neoliberal logics.
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Produção territorial da (In)existência , Pescadores artesanais , Neoextrativismo , Comunidades tradicionais , Aracruz–ES