Avaliação do potencial biológico e análise fitoquímica de extrato etanólico e fraçoes, obtidos de folhas de Clusia fluminensis Planck & Triana
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Data
2020-10-30
Autores
Perini, Flavio Mauricio
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Research looks from the secondary metabolites of potential allelopathic plants as an alternative to biological control, as well as the search for alternative therapeutic substances that leads to increased exploration of biodiversity in order to recognize alternatives that can minimize impacts and open new perspectives of biological exploration. Vegetable species for landscape and ornamental use are shown as an exploration alternative, aiming at the use of residues that would naturally be discarded, as occurs with the species Clusia fluminensis Planch. & Triana, which fits into a group of plants with special metabolites with potential to be explored for biological purposes, such as allelopathy, antioxidant activity and photoprotective activity. Ethanol extract and hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous fractions, obtained from C. fluminensis leaves, were tested on lettuce seeds and colonization grass, analyzing influence on germination and initial growth. Phytochemical prospecting was performed by thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), germination and emergence biological tests, radicle and shoot lengths, fresh mass, activity enzymatic enzymes catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POX) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) and pigment content (chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids). Analysis of the contents of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids was also carried out, associating them to the antioxidant effects, with tests of the extract's ability to sequester the free radical cation ABTS˙ + (ABTS), the extract's ability to donate hydrogen atoms and stabilize the free radical DPPH • (DPPH), iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total antioxidant capacity by the phosphomolybdenum method (TAC-fosfomolibdenio), and photoprotective effect test. The HPLC analysis demonstrated the presence of hyperoside in the ethyl acetate fraction, in order to allow a correlation to the antioxidant activity. The concentrations tested in the germination and emergence experiments, as well as in the antioxidant and photoprotection experiments were 0.25, 0.50, 0.75 and 1.0mg / mL. The ethyl acetate fraction showed better allelopathic results, there was a significant increase in the activity of the three enzymes in lettuce seeds, a decrease in activity on CAT and SOD enzymes and no influence on POX in seeds of colonization grass. In the treatment of seeds with the ethyl acetate extract, there was an increase in the levels of chlorophyll a, b and carotenoids, in the total chlorophyll content and in the total chlorophyll / carotenoid ratio, in addition to no change in the chlorophyll a / b ratio. The results showed a significant presence of total phenols, tannins and flavonoids in the ethanol extract and in the fractions, with emphasis on the ethyl acetate fraction. The photoprotective activity was shown to be more effective for the dichloromethane fraction, with SPF 7.01, compatible with use as a photoprotector, in addition to identifying the ethyl acetate fraction as a possible enabler of photoprotective activity due to its antioxidant effect. The results suggest that the ethyl acetate extract obtained from C. fluminensis leaves. presents promising allelopathic potential, with the possibility of exploitation as an alternative for use in biological and conventional control to replace conventional agrochemicals. They also allow us to conclude that the ethyl acetate fraction obtained from C. fluminensis leaves would be the best one to be explored in order to obtain natural forms of antioxidants and photoprotection promoters, as well as the dichloromethane fraction are presented as an alternative to use as SPF.
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Alelopatia , Antioxidante , Clusia fluminensis , Fotoproteção