Importância vetorial das espécies de anofelinos (diptera:culicidae) na transmissão de malária e estudo dos fatores geoclimáticos determinantes de sua distribuição geográfica no Estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2006-06-05
Autores
Meneguzzi, Viviane Coutinho
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The objective of the present study was to verify the vectorial importance of species of anopheline mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) in malaria transmission and the geoclimatic factors that determine their geographical distribution in Espirito Santo. The universe of the study consisted of localities within the state. In the 1st phase of the study the anopheline fauna was studied in localities where autochthonous malaria had occurred during the last 20 years, as well as those that did not present foci of the disease. Insect collections were carried out from 1997-2005 in 297 rural localities. Univariate analysis was used to investigate an association between foci of the disease, geoclimatic characteristics and presence of the different species of vector. A total of 14 663 anophelines was captured, belonging to 23 species. During the 2nd phase the anopheline fauna of Jurama (municipality of Vila Valério), where both imported and introduced cases have been recorded during the last five years, was compared with that of Timbuizinho (municipality of Colatina), where imported but not introduced cases have occurred. Six paired collections were carried out every two weeks between November 2005 and February 2006, involving sampling of anophelines in human dwellings and domestic animal shelters during the first four hours after sunset. A total of 283 specimens was collected, 85 in Timbuizinho and 198 in Jurama. Anopheline frequencies in the two localities were compared and multivariate analysis used to define the role of each species in malaria transmission. Univariate analysis demonstrated significant associations between the occurrence of malaria foci and: high temperatures, level topography, and proximity to the sea (? 2 = 16.979; p = 0.000); high temperatures, level topography and significant distance from the sea (? 2 = 30.403; p = 0.000); and high temperatures and gently undulating topography (? 2 = 18.275; p = 0.000). With respect to the vectors, an association was noted between occurrence of the disease and presence of the species Anopheles darlingi, An. aquasalis, An. albitarsis, An. triannulatus and An. galvaoi. The presence of both An. darlingi and An. aquasalis remained significant, after multivariate analysis. Statistical analysis did not demonstrate an association between anopheline frequencies in the two localities studied. The present study provides information needed to implement measures to promote and protect the health of exposed populations, by defining risk areas for the occurrence of malaria foci.
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Malaria - distribution geographic - Espírito Santo , Arthropod vectors - distribution geographic - Espírito Santo , Vetores artrópodes - Distribuição geográfica - Espírito Santo (Estado) , Malária - Distribuição geográfica - Espírito Santo (Estado)