Análise espaço-temporal de fasciolose em ruminantes no estado do Espírito Santo
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Data
2025-02-21
Autores
Pinheiro, Pedro Clemente Pereira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Fasciolosis is caused by the fluke Fasciola hepatica, which has a worldwide distribution and affects the bile ducts and liver parenchyma of several species of mammals, especially ruminants, and humans, configuring the disease as a zoonosis and generating a risk to global public health. In Brazil, the disease is considered endemic to some regions, mainly the South and Southeast, with emphasis on high rates in ruminants in the state of Espírito Santo. In this sense, the present study aimed to carry out a spatio-temporal analysis of fasciolosis in ruminants in the state of Espírito Santo, from 2018 to 2023, based on slaughter maps carried out by the State Inspection Service (SIE) and Federal Inspection Service (SIF). The data used to carry it out were obtained from nosographic maps referring to slaughterhouses located in municipalities in the state. For statistics, linear regression analysis was carried out regarding the slaughterhouses submitted to the SIE. To carry out the spatial distribution of notifications of fasciolosis in ruminants for each refrigerated slaughterhouse applied, they were represented in the preparation of maps by the QGIS 3.28.1 program, using data from geographic bases made available by the Brazilian Institute of Geography and Statistics. The average annual frequencies of bovine fasciolosis for animals slaughtered under SIF for the years 2021, 2022, and 2023 were 0.5%, 0.9%, and 0.93%, respectively, with an average frequency of 0.829%. For slaughterhouses under the responsibility of SIE, 36,856 cattle were slaughtered between 2018 and 2023, representing a frequency of 5.53% of fasciolosis. Considering the animals slaughtered for both SIF and SIE, between 2018 and 2023, of the 887,399 cattle slaughtered, 38,689 had a positive diagnosis for the disease, representing a frequency of 4.35%. In an analysis from 2006 to 2023, a slaughterhouse in the South region presented an average frequency of 19.65% of fasciolosis in cattle. High rates of the disease were recorded for buffalo slaughter, reaching frequencies of 66.66% and 59.64%, for the years 2022 and 2023, respectively, in a slaughterhouse in the south of the state, which also occurred with sheep in 2023, with a frequency of 18.18%. There was no slaughter of goats during the study period. The study concluded that the state of Espírito Santo demonstrates a high frequency of fasciolosis in ruminants, with the South region standing out with the highest frequency rates in slaughtered cattle, buffaloes and sheep, reinforcing the need for control measures for the disease in the region, minimizing the risks to public health as a consequence
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Fasciola hepática , Epidemiologia , Ruminantes