Mestrado em Biodiversidade Tropical
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- ItemEfeito da matriz urbana e rural na diversidade de árvores na floresta atlântica brasileira(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-07-03) Aguiar, Alana Felipe Scheidegger de; Menezes, Luis Fernando Tavares de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1854-2441; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4502113593775550; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9688-862X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8089869921851497; Saporetti Junior, Amilcar Walter; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4397-8634; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9178041581092599; Hoffmann, Diego; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-5933; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1447856831701449Fragmentation, habitat loss, agricultural production and expansion of urban centers change the structure of landscape and are the main threats to biodiversity. With the trend for these changes to increase in coming years, understanding how these impacts affect biodiversity and ecosystem functioning may allow the development of appropriate means of managing the remaining biodiversity. In the present study, we evaluate the effects of land use changes on the taxonomic and functional diversity of trees in nine fragments in the globally threatened Brazilian Atlantic Forest. Rural landscapes in this study included fragments inserted into a predominantly agricultural matrix (e.g. coffee, sugar cane, forestry). The urban landscapes, in turn, were fragments sampled within an urban center, whose dominant matrix are buildings, houses and streets. Thus, the present study aimed to: (i) evaluate the effect of land use intensification on the richness and abundance of tree species; (ii) analyze the effect of anthropogenic landscapes on three dimensions of functional tree diversity; and (iii) evaluate the impact of different anthropogenic landscapes on functional tree traits, vulnerable to the process of habitat degradation. The results suggest that the fragments present in the rural landscape presented higher taxonomic and functional diversity. On the other hand, urban forests presented a lower taxonomic and functional diversity, as well as a generalized reduction of functional traits related to fauna resource availability and natural forest regeneration. In highly fragmented and expanding agricultural / urban landscapes such as rainforests, management strategies are necessary, since the loss of certain traits results in consequences on goods and services important to humans and the functioning of natural ecosystems.
- ItemEstrutura genética entre os boto-cinzas (Sotalia guianensis, Van Bénéden 1864) do litoral sul da Bahia e do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-06) Mendes, Fabio Ribeiro; Rosa, Ana Paula Cazerta Farro da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3536-1653; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0283101629974718; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3119-1295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2139618384557451; Vargas, Sarah Maria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-7295; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1956218219090768; Cunha, Haydee Andrade; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8554-0238; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4931150646607381Sotalia guianensis is a small cetacean of the Delphinidae family distributed continuously along the coastal region of Central and South America. This study evaluated a possible genetic structure between gray porpoises off the coast of Espirito Santo and southern Bahia. A total of 203 individuals were analyzed: 18 from SBA-A (southern Bahia a), 75 from SBA-b to NRD (southern Bahia b to the north of Rio Doce) and 110 from SRD to South ES (South ES of the Doce River). A 409bp fragment from the control region of mitochondrial DNA was obtained. A total of 18 haplotypes were found, seven of them exclusive to SBA-a, two to SRD to the south of ES. The haplotypic and nucleotide diversity were respectively for each region, SBA-a (h = 0.8889; π = 0.266521), SBA-b for NRD (h = 0.8071; π = 0.1449862) and SRD for the South ES (h = 0.8359; π = 0.179052). It was possible to evidence the genetic structure between the three regions, being higher between SBA-a and SBA-b until NRD (Fst = 0.14163 p
- ItemRevisão taxonômica de uma população de Bothrops neuwiedi wagler in spix, 1824 (serpentes: viperidae) isolada no estado do Rio De Janeiro, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-08-26) Ortiz, Flora Roncolatto; Bernils, Renato Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-0827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0409824847285874; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1094-9979; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0253729215217255; Prado, Gustavo Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000200442656; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3357539375137456; Argolo, Antonio Jorge Suzart; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7471408974598135abstract
- ItemImpacto da rodovia ES-261 sobre tetrápodes (Espírito Santo, Brasil)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-06) Carmo, Tatiane de Mello do; Hoffmann, Diego; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-5933; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1447856831701449; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3738-4963; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Ingenito, Leonardo Ferreira da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5506-0620; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9588871159998670; Araujo, Ana Carolina Srbek de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1154-0072; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The number of animals killed by roadkill exceeds hunting occurrences and natural causes such as disease and predation. The number of trampled vertebrates is estimated to reach millions per year, with 90% being small vertebrates. There is a lack of studies on the impacts caused by roads applying methods capable of detecting different taxa. The present study sought to identify the impact of a small stretch of ES-261 road on the fauna, walking it in order to contemplate all classes of vertebrates and evaluate the possible factors that may be associated with roadkill. The sample area was a 10 km stretch of ES-261, in Santa Teresa, ES. The sampling period was from September 2017 to August 2018 and in total were 600 km covered in twelve months. A total of 1,322 vertebrates were run over, distributed in four classes and 102 taxa. The most representative group was Herpetofauna with 76% of the occurrences. Among the mammal species found is the bat Thyroptera wynnea. The registration of the specimen represents the first registration for the municipality. The roadkill rate was 2.20 ind./km and 0.037 ind./km/day. Most of the recorded species consist of common taxa that inhabit the most varied environments. The most commonly recorded animals were Rhinella crucifer (Little cane toad), Didelphis aurita (Black-eared Skunk), Elapomorphus quinquelineatus, Tropidurus cf. torquatus (Calango), Sicalis flaveola (Canary) and Sporophila caerulescens (Coleirinho). Callicebus personatus (Guigó or Sauá) and Leopardus guttulus (Wildcats) are on the Holy Spirit endangered list and on the National list in the Vulnerable (VU) and Saltator similis (Cracked Iron) are present only in the regional list of endangered species as Vulnerable (VU). There was a higher occurrence of roadkill in stretches of straight and runs, and in stretches associated with eucalyptus forests and plantations. Roadkills were also associated with rainfall, temperature and seasonality. The clearing of the highway prior to the commencement of collections showed that the highway clears itself within 24 to 48 hours by actions of butcher animals, vehicle movements, or wind. The monitored stretch does not have mitigation measures of fauna roadkills, making it necessary to install speed reducers, insert and maintain signs and driver awareness through environmental education to reduce the number of animals victims of collisions.
- ItemConservação de aves no Brasil: revisão das mudanças ocorridas na última década(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-08-19) Frade, Mariana Santos; Hoffmann, Diego; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7542-5933; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1447856831701449; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1552-2488; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3415843284004185; Vasconcelos, Marcelo Ferreira de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4146-8198; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9201386778641165; Bernils, Renato Silveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5284-0827; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0409824847285874During the European Middle Age, the human being have distanced from nature due to the increased use of books for studies. However, with the growth of large cities and development of industry, the sense of belonging and the desire to return to nature began to emerge. Over the years, the concern with taking care of the natural environment was expanding until it reached the birds. Several institutions and programs have emerged to focus on taking care of this group. In 2005, the researchers Marini and Garcia, concerned about publicizing the conservation status of birds in the country, evaluated and presented an overview of bird conservation in Brazil, showing the main threats, plans and proposals for their conservation. In 2006, the same authors published the Comparative study of the global, national and state threatened bird list in Brazil, comparing the lists of cited species and number of threatened species by threat category. In view of that, after more than a decade, the objective of this study was develop a review of the changes that have occurred about bird conservation in Brazil. In order to do so, the number of new species described in the country, changes in conservation status of threatened species at national and global levels and conservation initiatives targeting these species were evaluated. The results obtained comprised 27 new bird species described for the country; with 221 species of threatened, extinct and extinct birds in the wild currently at national and global level. Changes to the national list were: 39 species had changes in their conservation status (26 species for a more critical level and 13 species for a lower level), 61 maintained the same status, 16 left the list of threatened species, 76 joined (one as regionally extinct) and three were extinguished. Changes to the global list were: 26 species had changes in their conservation status (12 species for a more critical level and 14 for a lower level), 86 maintained the same status, 16 left the threatened list and 60 joined. The similarity between the periods was 57% (Jaccard index = 0.57 and Sørensen index = 0.73), indicating that the 2006 and 2018 lists still contain many species in common but also many different ones. From 2008, 16 National Action Plans that contemplate the birds were created, benefiting a total of 245 species. Several conservation initiatives have been implemented. However, even if institutions and researchers fight for the conservation of endangered species, the tendency is for the number to increase even more because currently there are no prospects of public policies to combat deforestation, strengthening of environmental inspection and creation of protected areas in the country.