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- ItemAlterações morfofuncionais de artérias intrapulmonares de ratos Wistar após intoxicação crônica por 60 dias ao cloreto de mercúrio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-10-09) Schereider, Ingridy Reinholz Grafites; Simões, Maylla Ronacher ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1395-3938; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1541901247205779 ; Vassallo, Dalton Valentim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-4174; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7749285591179880; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6379-4050 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4495382135988623; Santos, Leonardo dos ; https://orcid.org/0000000243406364; https://lattes.cnpq.br/4132087001362623; Fabiano Elias Xavier; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2028-2562; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4166941401353957; Davel, Ana Paula ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-4262 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0575590472541198; Lopes, Andressa Bolsoni; https://orcid.org/0000000312445667 ; https://lattes.cnpq.br/0097480808041638Mercury exposure is a significant public health concern due to its toxic potential in the human body, especially on the cardiovascular system. Its accumulation in the body induces oxidative stress, inflammation, and endothelial dysfunction in systemic arteries, contributing to the development of cardiovascular diseases. The close relationship between systemic and pulmonary circulation leads us to believe that the latter also suffers from the toxic effects of mercury. However, the consequences of HgCl₂ in the pulmonary arteries remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the effects of mercury chloride (HgCl₂) exposure for 60 days on the small intrapulmonary arteries and hemodynamic parameters of male rats. The rats were exposed to HgCl₂ (1st dose, 4.6 μg/kg; subsequent daily doses, 0.07 μg/kg; intramuscular injection). The results revealed that intrapulmonary arteries from exposed rats exhibited reduced contractile responses to potassium chloride and the thromboxane A2 receptor agonist U46619, and arterial wall thinning, indicative of vascular hypotrophic remodeling. The impaired pulmonary vasoconstriction of the HgCl2 group was associated with increased nitric oxide (NO) and hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) levels. In addition, increased production of superoxide anion (O₂•-) and reduced superoxide dismutase (SOD) expressions. These findings suggest that chronic HgCl2 exposure induces pulmonary vascular dysfunctions, primarily through enhanced NO and ROS signaling as an adaptive mechanism against oxidative stress
- ItemA coexposição subaguda ao tributilestanho mais mercúrio prejudica a função do eixo reprodutivo e diminui a fertilidade em ratas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-10-21) Januário, Cidália de Fátima; Costa, Charles Santos da; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3616-8211; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8647659013623563; Graceli, Jones Bernardes; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9349-4369; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3803670746263603 ; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0595-7780; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9830923273913760 ; Padilha, Alessandra Simão; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-1347; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7658998034219799; Rodrigues, Lívia Carla de Melo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6004-7981; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2084216553746326 ; Dias, Glaecir Roseni Mundstock; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6054-8698; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9545668593318677; Coimbra, John Lennon Paiva; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4779-236X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0035577156960374Tributyltin (TBT) and mercury (Hg) are endocrine-disrupting chemicals that individually cause reproductive complications. However, the reproductive consequences of coexposure to a mixture of TBT plus Hg are not well known. We hypothesized that coexposure to a mixture of TBT plus Hg would alter hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis function. Female rats were exposed to daily doses of TBT (100 ng/kg/day by gavage), plus doses of Hg (1st dose 4.6 μg/kg IM, subsequent doses of 0.07 μg/kg/day IM), for 15 days, after which chemical accumulation in the tissues, morphology, hormone levels, inflammation, fibrosis, and protein expression in the reproductive organs were assessed. Increases in tin (Sn) and Hg levels were detected in the serum, HPG axis, and uterus of TBT-Hg rats. TBT-Hg rats exhibited irregular estrous cycles. TBT-Hg rats showed an increase in gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) protein expression and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) levels and a reduction in luteinizing hormone (LH) levels. Reduced ovarian reserve, antral follicles, corpora lutea (CL) number, and estrogen levels and increased atretic and cystic follicles were found, suggesting that TBT-Hg exposure exacerbated premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) features. Furthermore, TBT-Hg rats exhibited increased ovarian mast cell numbers, expression of the inflammatory markers IL-6 and collagen deposition. Apoptosis and reduced gland number were observed in the uteri of TBT Hg rats. A reduction in the number of pups/litters for 90 days was found in TBT-Hg rats, suggesting impaired fertility. Strong negative correlations were found between serum and ovarian Sn levels and ovarian Hg levels and ovarian reserve and CL number. Collectively, these data suggest that TBT plus Hg exposure leads to abnormalities in the HPG axis, exacerbating POI features and reducing fertility in female rats.
- ItemAvaliação da função pulmonar e capacidade funcional após a alta hospitalar de Pacie(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-10-16) Polese, Jessica Fabia; Mill, José Geraldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0987-368X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2497419234600362; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1945-7284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4520400622789340; Araújo, Maria Teresa Martins de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6795-6136; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7417012714732950; Souza, Vitor Costa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9925-8911; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Valim, Valéria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0625-1308; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3210373469770019Introduction: COVID-19 emerged as a novel and unexpected disease, demonstrating high mortality and the potential to cause severe sequelae in the population. This study aimed to perform a longitudinal follow-up of a cohort of individuals evaluating lung function and clinical evolution over six months, focusing on the persistence of symptoms and respiratory alterations. Method: Longitudinal follow-up during 6 months of patients with moderate to severe form of COVID-19 confirmed by RT-PCR test, who required hospitalization. Patients were evaluated at 30(D30), 90(D90), and 180(D180) days after hospital discharge. At each assessment, data were obtained by structured questionnaires, and spirometry and the 6 minute walking test (6MWT). Results: A group of 44 patients started the follow-up and 31 completed 6 month follow-up. In D30, all patients were still symptomatic, with the most frequent symptoms being dyspnea (83%), cough (54%), and chest pain (27%). At the D90, almost half of the patients still reported persistent symptoms and difficulties to returning to their usual activities. At D180 28% of participants continued to experience at least one symptom, with dyspnea (17.2%) being the most common. At D30, 14 (45%) participants and in D180, 5 (16%) patients persisted with a forced vital capacity (FVC) below the predicted value suggesting a restrictive pattern and at D30 2 (6%) patients still presented a walk distance (WD) < 330 m and at D180, 8 (25%) patients showed a WD < 75% of the predicted value. Discussion: Although the full extent of COVID-19 consequences is not yet clearly defined, prolonged effects are highly frequent and represent a significant and prevalent public health concern, highlighting the need for continuous follow-up. Conclusion: COVID-19 can evolve with persistent clinic and functional sequelae, which remain present up to six months after hospital discharge
- ItemEfeito protetor do ácido elágico sobre a reatividade vascular e parâmetros morfofuncionais da aorta de ratos expostos por trinta dias ao cloreto de cádmio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-08-29) Simões, Rakel Passos; Vassallo, Dalton Valentim; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4463-4174; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7749285591179880; Padilha, Alessandra Simão ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-1347; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7658998034219799; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0027-8128; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1703421305699091; Nunes, Karolini Zuqui ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-4925; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6888896554912256; Batista, Priscila Rossi de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5850-0989; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9629149780640340; Pereira, Camila Almenara Cruz ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7889-4161; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3103606418826712; Abreu, Glaucia Rodrigues de; https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8772-8470; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0229590907405570Cadmium (Cd) is a toxic heavy metal widely present in the environment, and its chronic exposure is associated with several deleterious effects on the cardiovascular system, including arterial hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. Ellagic acid (EA), a natural polyphenol with antioxidant, anti inflammatory, and chelating properties, has been proposed as a potential vascular protective agent. This study investigated the effects of EA on cardiovascular alterations induced by subchronic exposure to CdCl₂ (100 ppm for 30 days) in Wistar rats. Animals were divided into four experimental groups: Control (Ct), Cd, EA, and Cd+EA. Cd was administered via drinking water, and EA was given by gavage (30 mg/kg/day). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was monitored weekly using tail-cuff plethysmography. At the end of the protocol, blood Cd concentration was consistent with levels observed in human occupational exposure (31.15 ± 2.8 µg/L). To assess vascular function, thoracic aortic rings were mounted in organ baths and subjected to protocols with phenylephrine, acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP), with or without endothelium, and in the presence of inhibitors (L-NAME, apocynin, catalase, allopurinol, and SOD). Cd exposure reduced body weight, increased SBP, enhanced vascular reactivity to phenylephrine, and impaired endothelium dependent relaxation, effects associated with reduced nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Increased collagen deposition and endothelial cell damage were also observed. EA treatment prevented these changes, restoring endothelial function, normalizing vascular tone, and preserving collagen content and endothelial cell integrity. These findings indicate that EA exerts a significant protective effect against Cd-induced vascular toxicity and appears promising as a functional agent for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases
- ItemInfluência dos capsinóides sobre a reatividade e estresse oxidativo vascular de ratos com obesidade(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-11-12) Cordeiro, Evellyn Rodrigues; Leopoldo, André Soares ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5999-2671; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5912424547697713; https://orcid.org/0009-0001-5847-2786; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8393859318309960; Santos, Roger Lyrio dos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4316-7196; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1122196233280741; Nunes, Karolini Zuqui ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3433-4925; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6888896554912256; Camacho, Camila Renata Corrêa ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8493-5329; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8515265257310064; Nascimento, Thiago Bruder do ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5671-318X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2679070556021956Obesity is one of the biggest public health problems and its pathophysiology involves metabolic, structural and functional changes in different tissues due to several mechanisms. Such changes can modify vascular homeostasis and are associated with the development of cardiovascular diseases such as arterial hypertension, coronary disease and atherosclerosis, as well as type 2 diabetes mellitus, which increase the risk of mortality. The deleterious effects observed in obesity include the process of dysfunctional vascular remodeling with consequent rigidity after structural and functional modifications in the intima, media and adventitial layers of blood vessels. In addition, oxidative stress, an important pathological mechanism involved in obesity, contributes to the development of pro-oxidant and pro-inflammatory states in the vasculature, which promote dysfunctional remodeling and vascular stiffness, increasing the risk of pathological outcomes observed in cardiovascular events. Studies have shown that capsinoids, bioactive peptides present in pepper, are potent antioxidants and antiobesogenics, playing a role in modulating oxidative stress induced by obesity. However, no research was found that analyzed their effects on oxidative stress and vascular remodeling caused by obesity. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of chronic administration of capsinoids on vascular reactivity, morphology and oxidative stress in the aorta of obese rats induced by a saturated high-fat diet. Wistar rats (n=18, 30 days) were randomized into 2 groups: standard diet (fed with standard diet; DP = 8) and high-fat diet (fed with saturated diet rich in fat; DH = 10). Control = C (fed with standard diet) and obese = Ob (fed with saturated high-fat diet). The experimental protocol lasted 27 consecutive weeks, consisting of two moments: 1) Induction (4 weeks) and maintenance of obesity (19 weeks) and; 2) Chronic exposure to treatment with capsinoids (8 weeks). After 19 weeks, DP and DH animals were redistributed and randomly renamed into four distinct groups according to the absence and/or presence of capsinoids (Cap) and obesity (Ob): Control (C); Obese (Ob); Control with capsinoids (Ccap); Obese with capsinoids (ObCap). Chronic administration of capsinoids (10 mg/kg) was performed daily by orogastric gavage. Body composition was assessed by monitoring mass, fat and body adiposity index. Vascular morphology was determined by analyzing remodeling and vascular collagen deposition. Vascular reactivity was analyzed in the aorta by pharmacological assays involving the analysis of eNOS bioavailability, production of reactive oxygen species, participation of NADPH oxidase, AT1 receptors and the COX pathway. The results show that obesity increased body mass and adiposity index, however, chronic administration of capsinoids was not able to restore these parameters. Considering the glycemic and lipid profiles, obesity altered glycemia and total cholesterol, however treatment with capsinoids was also not able to restore these changes. The results also indicate that no changes were observed in plasma biomarkers of oxidative stress. In the vascular context, obesity increased reactivity through an increase in reactive oxygen species, especially superoxide anion, activation of AT1 receptors and release of contractile prostanoids via COX. Treatment with capsinoids reduced obesity-induced vascular reactivity through the participation of eNOS, in addition to reducing superoxide anion and COX-derived prostanoids. It was also able to increase the medial layer of vascular smooth muscle and reduce collagen deposition, preventing obesity-induced pathological remodeling. In conclusion, chronic administration of capsinoids at a dose of 10 mg/kg restores vascular reactivity parameters in obesity through vasodilation via eNOS and reduction of oxidative stress. Furthermore, it also shows that the treatment was able to prevent the pathological vascular remodeling process caused by obesity