Mestrado em Engenharia Civil

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    Automatização do cálculo de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com lajes alveolares pré-moldadas
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-31) Rocha, Jonas da; Dias, João Victor Fragoso; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-1519; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0090215976146284; Calenzani, Adenilcia Fernanda Grobério; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-9950; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9959808218883879; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4040-8774; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6579674457338794; Pires, Juliana da Cruz Vianna; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-813X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5925961851731596; Valle, Janaina Pena Soares de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-0744; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6636717465476684
    The study of technologies aimed at better utilization and optimization of materials to make projects more economical, sustainable, and faster to execute is of utmost importance. Projects that use composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs are scarce, partly due to a lack of knowledge about the system and its design methods. However, in 2024, the ABNT NBR 8800 standard was updated to include normative prescriptions and the design methodology for composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs, which served as the basis for this work. A computational program was developed to automate the analysis and design calculations of steel composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs, following the proposed methodology for internal and edge composite beams composed of doubly symmetric I-sections and precast hollow-core slabs. The procedures were outlined in design flowcharts and later implemented in the program, which was developed using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). The program selects the lightest rolled or welded I-section that meets the acting demands, providing a calculation report at the end with the main design information. The computational tool was validated through a comparison with an adapted example from the Gerdau composite beams with hollow-core slabs manual (Queiroz, Rocha, and Filho, 2017), which, along with NBR 8800:2024, served as a foundation for the methodology presented here. Furthermore, a parametric study with 72 composite beam models with hollow-core slabs was conducted to analyze the ultimate limit states (ULS) governing the design of this type of structure, as well as the influence of the concrete topping thickness and the characteristic compressive strength of concrete (𝑓𝑐𝑘) on beam strength. The results showed that the design was governed by the balanced phase, where the applied moment is generated by the support of two hollow-core panels on the top flange of the steel section in cases of shorter beam and slab spans, and by the composite phase in cases of longer beam and slab spans. Additionally, the increase in beam strength with higher 𝑓𝑐𝑘 values was significant when a compact-web profile was used but irrelevant when a semi-compact-web profile was adopted. The serviceability limit state (SLS) was not considered critical, mainly because cambering was applied whenever necessary. This work also enabled the development of preliminary design tables for composite beams with hollow-core slabs, providing a useful tool for professionals in the early stages of design. The tables present the steel profiles and the maximum superimposed loads (𝑞𝑠𝑐) for full interaction, according to the span of the beam and the slab.
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    Avaliação de pastas e argamassas com incorporação do pó de despoeiramento da escória KR como material cimentício suplementar
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-26) Mello, Laylla Vidotto de; Sakata, Rafael Dors; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-3846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3547547454752538; Pilar, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6669573444640365; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9475-3034; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0180522862308391; Pires, Patricio José Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; Azevedo, Afonso Rangel Garcez de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-4459; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5332016516191423
    Steel mills produce considerable amounts of solid waste, among which is KR slag, which is one of the desulfurization slags generated in the preliminary treatment of pig iron. Considering that the production of clinker and cement constitutes a significant source of anthropogenic CO² emissions worldwide, and knowing that it is not possible to halt the production of these materials, one option would be to focus on the recycling of industrial waste, which is another environmental problem, as an alternative solution to the current issue. In this way, knowing the availability of the residue and the increasing search for alternative binders, this study aimed to analyze the feasibility of using KR slag tilting dust (KRP), as a substitute for granulated blast furnace slag in cementitious materials, in order to verify the effects caused on the cementitious matrix regarding the physical-mechanical and microstructural properties. Mortars and pastes were produced with CP V Portland cement, granulated blast furnace slag, and KRP contents of 0, 5, 10, and 15%, replacing the granulated slag. Mixtures containing 15% of ground KR slag were also prepared. The established water/binder ratio was 0.35 for the pastes and 0.48 for the mortars, and standard sand was also used for the mortars. The supplementary cementitious materials were then characterized under physical-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural aspects, through the use of microstructural techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the R3 reactivity test, in addition to tests for specific gravity, insoluble residue, and laser granulometry. The pastes were subjected to isothermal calorimetry tests and mineralogical analysis by XRD, using the Rietveld method for phase quantification at 7, 28, and 91 days. The mortars were evaluated for compressive mechanical strength at 7, 28, and 91 days. It was observed that the incorporation of KRP retarded the ettringite formation process and promoted the formation of the C-S-H product in the hydration kinetics of the pastes, besides promoting a decrease in the amount of portlandite in some pastes and increasing the compressive mechanical strength, mainly at 7 and 28 days. Based on the results, it was observed that KRP has the potential to be a viable alternative for the production of mortars, with substitutions of up to 15% of granulated blast furnace slag by KRP, showing good performance, especially in terms of mechanical strength.
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    Abordagem BIM-BEM-LCA: análise da interoperabilidade de software BIM para análise de desempenho termoenergético e da emissão de carbono no ciclo de vida de edificações
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-19) Wolkart, Isabella Cardoso; Jesus, Luciana Aparecida Netto de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-2782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111947062667117; https://orcid.org/0000-0004-9550-9025; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324089904127859; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; Nico-Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-1723; Lamberts, Roberto; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-671X
    Since the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly, rising from 325 ppm (parts per million) in 1958 to 420 ppm in 2022 (IPCC, 2023). The civil construction industry and buildings bear significant responsibility for this increase, as indicated by data provided by UNEP (2024), it is estimated that the sector accounts for 37% of global CO2 emissions. To mitigate the impacts of this sector on the environment, it is important to incorporate principles of sustainability, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and analysis of the embodied carbon in materials into the building design process. Thus, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology proves to be fundamental, especially in the 6D dimension (sustainability), responsible for analyzing thermoenergetic performance, and in the 7D dimension (life cycle management), responsible for quantifying and managing materials throughout the building's lifecycle. Therefore, this study aims to propose and evaluate the applicability of an integrated BIM method for analyzing thermoenergetic performance and carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. The Integrated BIM-BEM-LCA Method was compared with the Conventional Method through a case study of an office building. The Integrated Method consists of thermoenergetic analysis using the Análise de Sistemas tool, which incorporates EnergyPlus®, and for LCA, it employs the One Click LCA® plugin. On the other hand, the proposed Conventional Method uses EnergyPlus® for thermoenergetic simulation and, for LCA, compares the results based on the Sidac database and SimaPro® for embodied emissions and INI-C for operational emissions. As a result, the proposed Integrated Method, as a data exchange, worked fully, demonstrating good interoperability. Regarding the generated data, the method proved applicable for indicating the PBE Edifica label and carbon emissions in the life cycle of buildings, aiding decision-making during the design process. However, the System Analysis tool only performs an ideal thermal load analysis and does not account for the latent, radiant, and lost fractions of equipment or the return, radiant, and visible fractions of luminaires, converting all heat generated by lighting and equipment into convective heat, which increases the thermal load of the air conditioning system (in this case study, the increase was 16%). The embodied emissions fell between the minimum and maximum values in Sidac and showed a result 21.69% lower than that of SimaPro®. The subcategory with the greatest difference was C4 (final waste disposal), which was 138.43% higher in SimaPro® than in One Click LCA®. However, this subcategory had little relevance in the overall context of the analysis, accounting for less than 1% of total emissions.
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    Uso de coproduto siderúrgico do tipo pó proveniente do sistema de captura de particulados de escória de dessulfuração KR e cimento Portland para estabilização de solos orgânicos de baixa consistência
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-10-18) Nunes, Nathália Lemos; Pilar, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6669573444640365; Pires, Patrício José Moreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-9894-4977; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0197867910059642; Matos, Paulo Ricardo de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3695-1356; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5122029972816767; Araruna Júnior, José Tavares ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4066-1765; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8400492266306446
    Research has been exploring alternatives to Portland cement to improve low consistency soils, aiming not only to stabilize the soils but also to offer environmental and economic benefits, such as the indirect reduction of CO¢ emissions. This study investigates the cementation of a soft organic soil by evaluating different cementing agents and curing periods, focusing on physical, mechanical, and chemical parameters. The analyzed soil is a low-consistency clay with 49% organic matter, collected in the northern region of EspÌrito Santo, Brazil. The cementing agents used were high early strength Portland cement and a steelmaking by-product, captured by a particulate dust collection system from KR slag, referred to as
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    Avaliação do ciclo de vida de concretos geopoliméricos : estudo comparativo
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-06-24) Almeida, Rafael Saaid Meyrelles; Gama, João Luiz Calmon Nogueira da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3054-4784; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-7423-9848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pinho, Giusilene Costa de Souza ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4586-7092; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Araújo, Georgia Serafim ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2029-6334; http://lattes.cnpq.br/
    It is common knowledge that the construction industry is responsible for a significant portion of carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere. If the construction industry were a country, it would rank third among the world’s largest carbon dioxide emitters. The production of concrete, which is the second most used material in the world, is responsible for most of the greenhouse gas emissions from buildings. The aim of this research is to present an alternative with superior environmental performance to conventional concrete (CC), considering that the construction sector is very influential in the economic area, generating employment and income for various workers of different levels of qualification. To obtain a detailed and quantified diagnosis of the environmental impacts generated by the production of concrete, it is necessary to use Life Cycle Assessment (LCA), which is a holistic methodology that studies the environmental aspects and potential impacts, direct and indirect, throughout the life of a product. This study consists of conducting a comparative LCA between CC and Geopolymer Concretes (GC), which do not use cement in their composition, with their production in 5 concrete plants, located in the cities of Serra (ES), Porto Alegre (RS), Brasília (DF), Recife (PE) and Belém (PA). These cities were chosen to have a representation of all Brazilian regions: south, southeast, northeast, midwest and north. The GC demonstrated superior environmental performance to the CC in most of the evaluated