Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
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- ItemAvaliação da autocicatrização em concretos com diferentes composições: influência de materiais suplementares e aditivo cristalizante(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-09) Santos, Érica Batista; Vieira, Geilma Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-3307; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5783172236615493; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8120-9472; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2936961235308081; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3391191554375710; Molin, Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-7533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887502044987077Reinforced concrete structures are prone to cracks, which serve as entry points for aggressive agents such as chloride ions, which accelerate reinforcement corrosion and consequently reduce the structure's service life. Enabling cementitious matrices to heal soon after cracks appear saves on inspections and structural repairs. To this end, supplementary materials (silica fume, blast furnace slag, and fly ash) and chemical additives (crystallizing agents) are added to the cementitious matrix to promote crack self-healing. This study aims to evaluate the self-healing of cracks in different concretes. Five types of concrete were produced: a reference concrete without any additives (CPV ARI); a concrete with 10% of the cement mass replaced by silica fume; a concrete with 50% of the cement replaced by fly ash; a concrete with 75% of the cement replaced by blast furnace slag; and a concrete with the addition of a crystallizing additive (1% by cement mass). Crack opening occurred after 28 days of curing, with two crack width ranges considered: 0.1 to 0.2 mm and 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The analyses included self-healing evaluation using chloride migration tests, ultrasonic wave propagation to obtain the concrete moduli and self-healing rate, and qualitative image analysis. Regarding the results found, in general it can be said that all concretes healed partially or completely, with the concrete containing 75% blast furnace slag presenting greater resistance to chloride penetration and the concretes with 50% fly ash and crystallizing additive (1%) presenting better performance in the ultrasonic wave propagation test, obtaining the highest self-healing rates at 28 and 91 days, respectively.
- ItemAvaliação do uso de escória de aciaria LD com diferentes emulsões asfálticas para microrrevestimento asfáltico a frio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-04) Scotá, Nadia Maria Drago; Pires, Patrício José Moreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5170-2509; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6399701824213203; Rebelo, Karla Maria Wingler ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-2528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6432874252149858; Alledi, Carla Therezinha Dalvi Borjaille ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-731X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4542859765962073The asphalt coating undergoes aging due to the demands imposed by vehicle loads and weather conditions. Micro surfacing is a type of treatment available for the maintenance and preservation of pavements, as it reduces the evolution of defects, rehabilitates functional conditions, and increases the lifespan of the roadway. In search of alternative aggregates to meet the demand for natural aggregates, which also provide satisfactory performance for micro surfacing mixtures, the use of LD steel slag is evaluated, as it exhibits high mechanical resistance and adhesion with asphalt binders. Thus, the research aims to verify, through the evaluation of the mechanical behavior and performance of the mixtures, the feasibility of using LD steel aggregates compared to natural aggregates associated with two different asphalt emulsions in the production of micro surfacing mixtures. For this analysis, six mixtures were used, combining three aggregate compositions: 100% natural aggregate (type 1), 50% natural aggregate and 50% steel aggregate (type 2), and 100% steel aggregate (type 3) with two different asphalt emulsions designated A and B. The methodology is divided into three stages and is based on the national standard DNIT-ES 035/2018 and the international standard ISSA-A 143/2010. The first stage refers to the complete characterization of natural and steel aggregates, the second focuses on defining the granulometric composition of the three aggregate compositions, and the third presents the dosage study of the mixtures with the definition of emulsion content and evaluation of the behavior, compatibility, and performance of micro surfacing mixtures in the laboratory. In addition to the tests defined by the national standard, the compatibility characteristics of type B mixtures were evaluated through a more rigorous test called Schulze - Breuer and Ruck (ISSA TB 144/2019). All mixtures presented an optimal emulsion content lower than the minimum content. Overall, mixtures type 1, type 2, and type 3 showed satisfactory results and meet national usage specifications, with type 1 mixtures achieving the best results. Furthermore, regardless of the aggregate composition, the mixtures subjected to the Schulze - Breuer and Ruck test did not meet the minimum score required to be suitable for use in micro surfacing
- ItemAutomatização do cálculo de vigas mistas de aço e concreto com lajes alveolares pré-moldadas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-31) Rocha, Jonas da; Dias, João Victor Fragoso; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1455-1519; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0090215976146284; Calenzani, Adenilcia Fernanda Grobério; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-9950; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9959808218883879; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4040-8774; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6579674457338794; Pires, Juliana da Cruz Vianna; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4922-813X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5925961851731596; Valle, Janaina Pena Soares de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1131-0744; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6636717465476684The study of technologies aimed at better utilization and optimization of materials to make projects more economical, sustainable, and faster to execute is of utmost importance. Projects that use composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs are scarce, partly due to a lack of knowledge about the system and its design methods. However, in 2024, the ABNT NBR 8800 standard was updated to include normative prescriptions and the design methodology for composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs, which served as the basis for this work. A computational program was developed to automate the analysis and design calculations of steel composite beams with precast hollow-core concrete slabs, following the proposed methodology for internal and edge composite beams composed of doubly symmetric I-sections and precast hollow-core slabs. The procedures were outlined in design flowcharts and later implemented in the program, which was developed using VBA (Visual Basic for Applications). The program selects the lightest rolled or welded I-section that meets the acting demands, providing a calculation report at the end with the main design information. The computational tool was validated through a comparison with an adapted example from the Gerdau composite beams with hollow-core slabs manual (Queiroz, Rocha, and Filho, 2017), which, along with NBR 8800:2024, served as a foundation for the methodology presented here. Furthermore, a parametric study with 72 composite beam models with hollow-core slabs was conducted to analyze the ultimate limit states (ULS) governing the design of this type of structure, as well as the influence of the concrete topping thickness and the characteristic compressive strength of concrete (𝑓𝑐𝑘) on beam strength. The results showed that the design was governed by the balanced phase, where the applied moment is generated by the support of two hollow-core panels on the top flange of the steel section in cases of shorter beam and slab spans, and by the composite phase in cases of longer beam and slab spans. Additionally, the increase in beam strength with higher 𝑓𝑐𝑘 values was significant when a compact-web profile was used but irrelevant when a semi-compact-web profile was adopted. The serviceability limit state (SLS) was not considered critical, mainly because cambering was applied whenever necessary. This work also enabled the development of preliminary design tables for composite beams with hollow-core slabs, providing a useful tool for professionals in the early stages of design. The tables present the steel profiles and the maximum superimposed loads (𝑞𝑠𝑐) for full interaction, according to the span of the beam and the slab.
- ItemAvaliação de pastas e argamassas com incorporação do pó de despoeiramento da escória KR como material cimentício suplementar(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-26) Mello, Laylla Vidotto de; Sakata, Rafael Dors; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7022-3846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3547547454752538; Pilar, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6669573444640365; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9475-3034; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0180522862308391; Pires, Patricio José Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; Azevedo, Afonso Rangel Garcez de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4694-4459; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5332016516191423Steel mills produce considerable amounts of solid waste, among which is KR slag, which is one of the desulfurization slags generated in the preliminary treatment of pig iron. Considering that the production of clinker and cement constitutes a significant source of anthropogenic CO² emissions worldwide, and knowing that it is not possible to halt the production of these materials, one option would be to focus on the recycling of industrial waste, which is another environmental problem, as an alternative solution to the current issue. In this way, knowing the availability of the residue and the increasing search for alternative binders, this study aimed to analyze the feasibility of using KR slag tilting dust (KRP), as a substitute for granulated blast furnace slag in cementitious materials, in order to verify the effects caused on the cementitious matrix regarding the physical-mechanical and microstructural properties. Mortars and pastes were produced with CP V Portland cement, granulated blast furnace slag, and KRP contents of 0, 5, 10, and 15%, replacing the granulated slag. Mixtures containing 15% of ground KR slag were also prepared. The established water/binder ratio was 0.35 for the pastes and 0.48 for the mortars, and standard sand was also used for the mortars. The supplementary cementitious materials were then characterized under physical-chemical, mineralogical, and microstructural aspects, through the use of microstructural techniques such as X-ray fluorescence (XRF), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and the R3 reactivity test, in addition to tests for specific gravity, insoluble residue, and laser granulometry. The pastes were subjected to isothermal calorimetry tests and mineralogical analysis by XRD, using the Rietveld method for phase quantification at 7, 28, and 91 days. The mortars were evaluated for compressive mechanical strength at 7, 28, and 91 days. It was observed that the incorporation of KRP retarded the ettringite formation process and promoted the formation of the C-S-H product in the hydration kinetics of the pastes, besides promoting a decrease in the amount of portlandite in some pastes and increasing the compressive mechanical strength, mainly at 7 and 28 days. Based on the results, it was observed that KRP has the potential to be a viable alternative for the production of mortars, with substitutions of up to 15% of granulated blast furnace slag by KRP, showing good performance, especially in terms of mechanical strength.
- ItemAbordagem BIM-BEM-LCA: análise da interoperabilidade de software BIM para análise de desempenho termoenergético e da emissão de carbono no ciclo de vida de edificações(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-19) Wolkart, Isabella Cardoso; Jesus, Luciana Aparecida Netto de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0614-2782; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9111947062667117; https://orcid.org/0000-0004-9550-9025; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7324089904127859; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; Nico-Rodrigues, Edna Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0905-1723; Lamberts, Roberto; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6801-671XSince the Industrial Revolution, the concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere has increased significantly, rising from 325 ppm (parts per million) in 1958 to 420 ppm in 2022 (IPCC, 2023). The civil construction industry and buildings bear significant responsibility for this increase, as indicated by data provided by UNEP (2024), it is estimated that the sector accounts for 37% of global CO2 emissions. To mitigate the impacts of this sector on the environment, it is important to incorporate principles of sustainability, energy efficiency, thermal comfort, and analysis of the embodied carbon in materials into the building design process. Thus, the BIM (Building Information Modeling) methodology proves to be fundamental, especially in the 6D dimension (sustainability), responsible for analyzing thermoenergetic performance, and in the 7D dimension (life cycle management), responsible for quantifying and managing materials throughout the building's lifecycle. Therefore, this study aims to propose and evaluate the applicability of an integrated BIM method for analyzing thermoenergetic performance and carbon emissions throughout the life cycle of buildings. The Integrated BIM-BEM-LCA Method was compared with the Conventional Method through a case study of an office building. The Integrated Method consists of thermoenergetic analysis using the Análise de Sistemas tool, which incorporates EnergyPlus®, and for LCA, it employs the One Click LCA® plugin. On the other hand, the proposed Conventional Method uses EnergyPlus® for thermoenergetic simulation and, for LCA, compares the results based on the Sidac database and SimaPro® for embodied emissions and INI-C for operational emissions. As a result, the proposed Integrated Method, as a data exchange, worked fully, demonstrating good interoperability. Regarding the generated data, the method proved applicable for indicating the PBE Edifica label and carbon emissions in the life cycle of buildings, aiding decision-making during the design process. However, the System Analysis tool only performs an ideal thermal load analysis and does not account for the latent, radiant, and lost fractions of equipment or the return, radiant, and visible fractions of luminaires, converting all heat generated by lighting and equipment into convective heat, which increases the thermal load of the air conditioning system (in this case study, the increase was 16%). The embodied emissions fell between the minimum and maximum values in Sidac and showed a result 21.69% lower than that of SimaPro®. The subcategory with the greatest difference was C4 (final waste disposal), which was 138.43% higher in SimaPro® than in One Click LCA®. However, this subcategory had little relevance in the overall context of the analysis, accounting for less than 1% of total emissions.