Mestrado em Engenharia Civil
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- ItemAvaliação do desempenho de cimentos Portland com incorporação de escória de ferroníquel moída como material cimentício suplementar para estabilização de solos(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-19) Dutra, Felipe Oliveira; Pires, Patrício José Moreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; Pilar, Ronaldo; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1906-2071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6669573444640365; https://orcid.org/0009-0004-7605-7836; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3108409993957100 ; Rebelo, Karla Maria Wingler; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-2528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6432874252149858 ; Gomes, Guilherme José Cunha; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9510-4600; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1437609255681568With the growing demand for sustainable pavement engineering solutions, ferronickel slag (FNS) has emerged as a promising substitute for conventional Portland cement clinker. Although FNS exhibits pozzolanic potential, its use in powder form for natural soil stabilization remains underexplored. In this study, laboratory-formulated cements (CFN cements) were produced by partially replacing clinker with milled and sieved FNS powder in varying proportions (e.g., CFN30 = 30% FNS replacement relative to clinker). These binders were evaluated through unconfined compressive strength (UCS), resilient modulus (RM), physicochemical dosage (PC), and Atterberg limit (AL) tests. Two soil types were investigated: red soil (RS; A-6 plastic clay) and purple soil (PS; A-4 silty soil), both stabilized with CFN formulations at a fixed dosage of 7% by dry soil mass. The results revealed a clear inverse linear relationship between clinker replacement level and mechanical performance, as reflected in UCS and RM values. Despite this trend, Tukey’s test (95% confidence) showed that CFN10 and CFN30 were statistically equivalent to Type I cement (ASTM C150), while CFN50 and CFN70 matched the performance of Type IS cement (ASTM C595), except for CFN70 in RS mixtures at 63 days. For RM, all binders performed similarly in RS mixtures, whereas in PS compositions, statistical differences emerged only at 63 days, with CFN30 and CFN50 equivalent to Type I cement and CFN70 to Type IS cement. RS mixtures consistently exhibited superior strength and stiffness compared to PS mixtures, highlighting the influence of soil mineralogy and granulometry. PC dosage confirmed the greater efficiency of RS, requiring only 8% cement for stabilization versus 10% for PS with the same CFN binder. AL results further indicated stronger pozzolanic reactivity in RS-based mixtures. These findings demonstrate the technical viability of FNS powder as a supplementary cementitious material (SCM) for soil stabilization and support its integration into sustainable pavement technologies. This approach aligns with global efforts to reduce clinker consumption, promote circular economy practices, and minimize environmental impacts.
- ItemAvaliação do ciclo de vida da produção de cimento portland com escória granulada de alto-forno(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-09-29) Vieira, Thalya Fortuna; Kulay, Luiz Alexandre; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1107-1800; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2620449722890209 ; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3391191554375710; https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2196-4894; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9299328408306728 ; Vieira, Geilma Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-3307; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5783172236615493; Campos, Alex Milton Albergaria; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2338-4751; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0483146736276629 ; Rodrigues, Thiago Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0207-7752; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1312518668807552The materials used in civil construction, especially Portland cement, have a significant environmental impact. To reduce these negative environmental consequences, replacing natural raw materials with steel byproducts is a technically feasible practice in several segments of this industry. An effective tool for calculating and quantifying these environmental impacts is Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). This master's thesis aims to conduct a comparative study of cements that incorporate granulated blast furnace slag (CP III), analyzing different allocation methods: by mass, by energy, by economic allocation, and even the non-application of the allocation procedure. For comparison, Portland cement without the addition of type V slag (CP V) was used as a reference. The LCA technique was applied to a cradle-to-gate scope of the cement plant, with a reference flow of 1 ton of cement. To construct the inventory, we used primary data (obtained directly from cement and steel mills) and secondary data (from the literature and the Ecoinvent database). Data entry, impact simulations, and uncertainty analysis were performed using SimaPro® software. Sensitivity analyses were conducted with different slag contents incorporated into the cement. Four energy scenarios were also evaluated: wind, hydroelectric, photovoltaic, and the typical Brazilian scenario. At the end of the simulations, it was concluded that CP III cement has better environmental performance than CP V for all impact categories analyzed. In the global warming category, according to the IPCC 2021 method, the impacts of CP III are 70% lower than CP V. Replacing the thermoelectric energy grid with wind energy minimizes CO2 emissions by up to 25%.
- ItemAplicação de formulação completa para o dimensionamento de pilares esbeltos em concreto armado(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-28) Bulhosa, Sara de Jesus; Rodrigues, Marcos Antonio Campos ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Luchi, Lorenzo Augusto Ruschi e ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Burgos, Rodrigo Bird ; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/The design of reinforced concrete slender columns according to ABNT NBR 6118:2023 must be performed based on a complete nonlinear analysis. This analysis requires a refined discretization, and the element formulation may consider geometric and material nonlinearity, in addition to incremental-iterative methods for solving the nonlinear system. To simplify this process, this work proposes a formulation that uses a single element for the design of reinforced concrete slender columns based on analytical interpolation functions associated with the moment-curvature relationship and the Two Iterative Cycle Method. By employing interpolation functions corresponding to the homogeneous solution of the differential equation of the problem, the exact behavior of the structure is obtained, without the need for discretization. Material nonlinearity is considered using moment-curvature diagrams updating the analytical stiffness matrix, while the Two Iterative Cycle method avoids the need to implement robust nonlinear solution schemes. The proposed element was implemented in VBA Microsoft Excel, and the results demonstrate the efficiency of the formulation to predict the P- and P- effects, and calculate the bending moment along slender columns, using a single element, with accurate results and low computational cost
- ItemAvaliação da autocicatrização em concretos com diferentes composições: influência de materiais suplementares e aditivo cristalizante(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-05-09) Santos, Érica Batista; Vieira, Geilma Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6148-3307; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5783172236615493; https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8120-9472; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2936961235308081; Schankoski, Rudiele Aparecida; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1306-3986; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3391191554375710; Molin, Denise Carpena Coitinho Dal; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1934-7533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0887502044987077Reinforced concrete structures are prone to cracks, which serve as entry points for aggressive agents such as chloride ions, which accelerate reinforcement corrosion and consequently reduce the structure's service life. Enabling cementitious matrices to heal soon after cracks appear saves on inspections and structural repairs. To this end, supplementary materials (silica fume, blast furnace slag, and fly ash) and chemical additives (crystallizing agents) are added to the cementitious matrix to promote crack self-healing. This study aims to evaluate the self-healing of cracks in different concretes. Five types of concrete were produced: a reference concrete without any additives (CPV ARI); a concrete with 10% of the cement mass replaced by silica fume; a concrete with 50% of the cement replaced by fly ash; a concrete with 75% of the cement replaced by blast furnace slag; and a concrete with the addition of a crystallizing additive (1% by cement mass). Crack opening occurred after 28 days of curing, with two crack width ranges considered: 0.1 to 0.2 mm and 0.3 to 0.4 mm. The analyses included self-healing evaluation using chloride migration tests, ultrasonic wave propagation to obtain the concrete moduli and self-healing rate, and qualitative image analysis. Regarding the results found, in general it can be said that all concretes healed partially or completely, with the concrete containing 75% blast furnace slag presenting greater resistance to chloride penetration and the concretes with 50% fly ash and crystallizing additive (1%) presenting better performance in the ultrasonic wave propagation test, obtaining the highest self-healing rates at 28 and 91 days, respectively.
- ItemAvaliação do uso de escória de aciaria LD com diferentes emulsões asfálticas para microrrevestimento asfáltico a frio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-04) Scotá, Nadia Maria Drago; Pires, Patrício José Moreira ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5445-1753; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0913529658589507; https://orcid.org/0009-0005-5170-2509; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6399701824213203; Rebelo, Karla Maria Wingler ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6972-2528; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6432874252149858; Alledi, Carla Therezinha Dalvi Borjaille ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8429-731X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4542859765962073The asphalt coating undergoes aging due to the demands imposed by vehicle loads and weather conditions. Micro surfacing is a type of treatment available for the maintenance and preservation of pavements, as it reduces the evolution of defects, rehabilitates functional conditions, and increases the lifespan of the roadway. In search of alternative aggregates to meet the demand for natural aggregates, which also provide satisfactory performance for micro surfacing mixtures, the use of LD steel slag is evaluated, as it exhibits high mechanical resistance and adhesion with asphalt binders. Thus, the research aims to verify, through the evaluation of the mechanical behavior and performance of the mixtures, the feasibility of using LD steel aggregates compared to natural aggregates associated with two different asphalt emulsions in the production of micro surfacing mixtures. For this analysis, six mixtures were used, combining three aggregate compositions: 100% natural aggregate (type 1), 50% natural aggregate and 50% steel aggregate (type 2), and 100% steel aggregate (type 3) with two different asphalt emulsions designated A and B. The methodology is divided into three stages and is based on the national standard DNIT-ES 035/2018 and the international standard ISSA-A 143/2010. The first stage refers to the complete characterization of natural and steel aggregates, the second focuses on defining the granulometric composition of the three aggregate compositions, and the third presents the dosage study of the mixtures with the definition of emulsion content and evaluation of the behavior, compatibility, and performance of micro surfacing mixtures in the laboratory. In addition to the tests defined by the national standard, the compatibility characteristics of type B mixtures were evaluated through a more rigorous test called Schulze - Breuer and Ruck (ISSA TB 144/2019). All mixtures presented an optimal emulsion content lower than the minimum content. Overall, mixtures type 1, type 2, and type 3 showed satisfactory results and meet national usage specifications, with type 1 mixtures achieving the best results. Furthermore, regardless of the aggregate composition, the mixtures subjected to the Schulze - Breuer and Ruck test did not meet the minimum score required to be suitable for use in micro surfacing