Doutorado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Portaria nº 398 de 29 de maio de 2025, publicado no DOU de 02/06/2025. Homologação do Parecer CNE/CES nº 176/2025
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração:Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1425
Navegar
Submissões Recentes
- ItemAvaliação de estágios sucessionais de florestas estacionais semideciduais com uso de dados hiperespectrais e LiDAR obtidos a partir de aeronave remotamente pilotada(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-06-03) Pinon, Tobias Baruc Moreira; Almeida, André Quintão de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Effgen, Emanuel Maretto ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9031-6337; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0205196565849611; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9200-1024; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8571909054406808; Almeida, Catherine Torres de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8140-2903; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5534145837431294; Fernandes, Milton Marques ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9394-0020; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2151263512584100; Martins Neto, Rorai Pereira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5318-2627; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4925375972651580; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625The Atlantic Forest in the state of Espírito Santo has undergone intense degradation, highlighting the urgent need for rapid and accurate methods for its monitoring and conservation. Brazilian Resolution Conama No. 29/1994 establishes criteria for classifying secondary vegetation into successional stages, which determine the potential for forest use. However, this classification, when carried out in the field, is heavily reliant on the expertise of the technical team, due to factors such as training, subjective criteria, and the lack of adequate instruments—potentially compromising the reliability of the results. In this context, the objective of this study was to classify successional stages of vegetation using data acquired by hyperspectral and LiDAR sensors mounted on a Remotely Piloted Aircraft (RPA). The research was conducted in regenerating pasturelands and forest fragments located in southern Espírito Santo, where dendrometric variables such as diameter at breast height (DBH) and total tree height were collected within 30 × 30 m plots. These field measurements were related to hyperspectral (with and without shadow) and LiDAR-derived metrics to estimate dendrometric parameters—mean diameter (D), mean height (H), and basal area (G)—using regression models. Model accuracy was evaluated using the root mean square error (RMSE), adjusted coefficient of determination (adjusted R²), and histograms of percentage error. Successional stage classification was performed using a rule-based method under two scenarios: one with three stages (initial, intermediate, and advanced), and another including the regenerating pasture class. In addition, an unsupervised classification was conducted using hierarchical clustering based on the estimated dendrometric variables and structural and spectral metrics, resulting in five groups: three successional stages and two pasture categories (open and dense shrublands). A principal component analysis (PCA) was also applied. The variables D and H were estimated with higher accuracy using combined data (adjusted R² = 88% and 90%, respectively), while G performed best with LiDAR data alone (adjusted R² = 92%). Shadow pixel removal slightly improved model performance, although its impact on predictive quality was limited. The rule-based classification with three categories achieved an overall accuracy of 88% (Kappa = 0.81), decreasing to 68% (Kappa = 0.59) with the inclusion of the regenerating pasture class. The unsupervised classification using the estimated variables for five classes (open and dense shrublands, and successional stages) reached an accuracy of 64% (Kappa = 0.55). Conversely, the classification based solely on hyperspectral metrics showed high agreement with field-defined stages (92%), whereas LiDAR metrics presented lower correspondence. Multivariate analysis revealed that spectral and structural metrics adequately represent the successional gradient. The integration of hyperspectral and LiDAR data proved effective for the automated mapping of large and inaccessible areas, providing a promising tool to complement forest inventories and reduce subjectivity in the application of legal criteria
- ItemEcophysiological aspects of production of Melanoxylon brauna Schott. seedlings(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-27) Simões, Ingridh Medeiros; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Alexandre, Rodrigo Sobreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5248-6773 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5340049196888351; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7483-9349; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1675759323773218; Santos, Heloisa Oliveira dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7931-8382 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7905575260641836; Maciel, Khetrin Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8590-7917; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6753673403909545; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0024-4016 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482The species Melanoxylon brauna Schott. is classified as vulnerable to extinction due to its high level of logging and lack of replanting. Numerous problems are attributed to this species, such as obtaining and viability of seeds, as it is attractive to predators; production of seedlings on a commercial scale in nurseries, due to the substrate used in their propagation, fertilization and excess water, which leads to death. The objective of this work is to analyze the survival and quality of M. brauna seedlings when produced in different soil/substrate compositions, aiming to define the optimal soil/substrate relationship for large-scale seedling production. The soil close to the mother tree (T3) was the one that showed the greatest growth of seedlings after 150 days of setting up the experiment. The orthogonal contrast shows that the underground land (T2) is different for treatments 4; 5; 6 and 7, which have soil close to the matrix in the substrate mixture, which is associated with the activity of the enzymes APX, CAT, POD and SOD. The soil enzymes β-glucosidase and arylsulfatase showed high activity in the organic substrate (T1), followed by the soil close to the parent tree (T3), suggesting that these enzymes are important biochemical markers for evaluating soil quality, however, it is not sufficient to maintaining the survival of seedlings in the organic substrate. For the production of M. brauna seedlings, it is recommended to use 100% soil close to the braúna parent tree. Therefore, it is necessary to elucidate whether the interaction with specific microorganisms, or some metabolite produced by them, by the plant and/or this interaction, are responsible for this survival of M. brauna seedlings
- ItemEstimação de áreas seccionais de troncos de árvores individuais por meio de dados coletados remotamente(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-04-09) Lavagnoli, Gabriel Lessa da Silva; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7853-6284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9007-1990; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9310315398167707; Almeida, André Quintão de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5063-1762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5929672339693607; Soares, Carlos Pedro Boechat; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6475-3376; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0959425632265455; Cosenza, Diogo Nepomuceno; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-8002; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0496006405127895; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3307-8579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9110967421921927This thesis investigates the accuracy in the measurement of tree trunk cross-sectional areas, highlighting the practical importance of this variable for forest inventories and its implications for volume and biomass estimates. The work is structured into two complementary studies. The first study evaluates the impacts of convexity and isoperimetric deficits on traditional measurement methods, such as calipers and diameter tapes, comparing them to a photographic method developed by the author, which calculates areas and estimates contours through pixel counting. The results showed that traditional methods exhibit significant systematic errors, arising from the incorrect assumption of perfect circularity of cross-sections, whereas the photographic method demonstrated high precision, with mean relative errors below 0.1%. The second study proposes a computational methodology for estimating cross-sectional areas from point clouds obtained using a GeoSLAM LIDAR sensor, comparing the measurements with those obtained from a high-precision infrared scanner (EinScan). The research involved the analysis of 56 eucalyptus trees, comprising more than 1,000 cross-sections. Additional simulations of traditional methods were also conducted for direct comparison. It was observed that traditional techniques, once again, tended to overestimate the areas (with a mean bias of approximately 2.8%), while the LiDAR-based method showed the opposite trend, with a mean bias of -8.12%. However, after applying a specific mathematical correction, the LiDAR estimates achieved excellent accuracy, with a relative root mean square error (RMSE) of 2.4%, a mean relative bias close to zero, and a mean absolute relative error (MAE) of 1.65%, demonstrating great potential for practical applications after appropriate adjustments.
- ItemDinâmica populacional e da biomassa acima do solo em floresta ombrófila densa montana, Espírito Santo, Brasil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-24) Duarte, Victor Braga Rodrigues; Hollunder, Renan Köpp; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1755-1610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4234408490082354; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2217-7846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4958-6810; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2312881997720975; Garbin, Mário Luís; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4137-2102; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4873285090929011; Francisco, Talitha Mayumi; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8609-7859; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1474244457338493; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6937-7787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0203797981088640; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4691-9891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3624066484009682Tropical forests in montane environments are complex ecosystems essential for biodiversity conservation and carbon sequestration and storage. Understanding the dynamics of these ecosystems and the biotic and abiotic factors influencing them (e.g., altitude, slope, stem density, and canopy cover) is crucial for assessing their resilience to climate change and guiding conservation strategies. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biotic and abiotic factors on the dynamics of Montane Ombrophilous Dense Forest located in Caparaó National Park, Espírito Santo. The understory and overstory strata were analyzed, along with dominant and low-abundance species groups. The study was conducted in eight permanent plots (50 m × 20 m), with a forest inventory carried out in 2012, before a severe drought period (2014 2017), and another in 2022, five years after the drought. During the inventories, all trees with a diameter at breast height (dbh identified. In the second inventory, records were made of whether the trees were dead, survived, or reached the minimum dbh for inclusion. Diversity indices and forest structure, as well as demographic rates for the entire community, diameter classes, and specific species groups, were calculated. Aboveground biomass (AGB) was estimated using an allometric equation applied to all components of forest dynamics. Topographic, structural, and functional variables were collected and related to ecological hypotheses of environmental filtering, vegetation quantity, biomass ratio, and niche complementarity. The results indicated high diversity indices (Shannon = 5.00) and evenness (Pielou = 0.84), as well as stability in individual density and total basal area between inventories (t-test, p > 0.05). The observed average mortality rate (2.06 % year 1 ) was consistent with typical patterns of tropical forests, while recruitment rates (1.68 % year 1 ) and basal area gain (2.80 % year 1 ) suggested active forest growth. AGB increased significantly between inventories: from 286.41 Mg ha in 2012 to 317.18 Mg ha 1 1 in 2022. Demographic dynamics were largely influenced by the understory due to the higher density of individuals in this stratum. Factors such as elevation, slope shading, canopy opening, and soil acidity contributed to higher turnover rates. AGB increments were more evident in plots with species exhibiting resource-conservative traits. Environmental filters associated with local topography and elevation drove initial biomass gains through young tree growth, while limiting conditions restricted increments for larger trees. These results suggested forest resilience to the drought experienced and that local topography and canopy structure may have been crucial for maintaining stable microclimates, indicating that the area may contain climate refugia for tree biodiversity and carbon storage. Therefore, identifying areas with high structural and topographic complexity and integrating them into management and conservation networks is fundamental to preserve their resilience and contribute to the local mitigation of ongoing climate change.
- ItemÁreas prioritárias para prevenção de incêndios florestais na caatinga(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-03-26) Aragão, Mariana de Aquino; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2617-9451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4376-3660; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5182-9535; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6283384041034686; Ferrari, Jéferson Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-6428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5213847780149836; Peluzio, Telma Machado Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-9239; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2216111713065095; Souto, Patrícia Carneiro; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4631-5342; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1011605644046440; Simões, Danilo; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8009-2598; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4290623857436137The Caatinga, an exclusively Brazilian biome located in the northeast of the country, is the largest seasonally dry tropical forest in the world. In this environment, climatic and environmental factors, associated with extensive human exploitation, contribute significantly to the degradation of the ecosystem, making it one of the most threatened on the planet. Although historically considered independent of the action of fire, over the years, the Caatinga has been constantly affected by forest fires, which can transform it into a sensitive biome. In this context, this study was subdivided into two chapters with the following objectives: Chapter I: to analyze the behavior of forest fires in the Caatinga over a 10-year period (2011-2020), associating these events with the environmental characteristics that can increase or reduce the risk; Chapter II: to propose a forest fire risk zoning for the biome and, based on this, delimit areas with the greatest need for preventive actions against forest fires, in order to provide conservation of local biodiversity. To achieve these objectives, geotechnology, statistics and computational tools were used. Over the years analyzed, 2015 was the year with the largest burned areas. The state of Piauí was spatially the most vulnerable to fire. Regarding environmental characteristics, regions with altitudes below 600 m; air temperature above 24 °C; rainfall index below 900 mm; drought severity ranging from mild to extreme; potential evapotranspiration above 1,500 mm; vegetation index by normalized difference of low to moderate vigor; leaf area index below 3.5 and Savanna Formation are the ones that most drove the occurrence of fires in the Caatinga. The topographic variables, slope and orientation of the relief alone, did not demonstrate characteristics capable of indicating greater or lesser propensity for fire. Regarding risk modeling, the use of Fuzzy Logic associated with the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) technique allowed for accurate modeling for the studied biome, with 96.6% accuracy, classifying the Caatinga as having a high to very high risk of forest fires. The northern and western portions of the Caatinga, especially the borders with the Cerrado biome, were the regions where the model indicated a very high risk of fires. As observed in the history of occurrence, the state of Piauí had the greatest representation of areas for fire prevention, followed by Bahia and Ceará. In general, vegetation located on private properties has a greater need for protection (92.02%) due to fragmentation and proximity to agricultural activities. Conservation units and indigenous lands encompassed 7.98% of the areas where forest fire prevention measures should be adopted, with emphasis on the sustainable use category, Environmental Protection Area modality. In this context, these results indicate the need for public management to prevent the occurrence of fires in a Biome previously considered independent of fire, especially in private areas and in the Caatinga-Cerrado transition.