Ciências Florestais

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17465

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Florestais

Centro: CCAE
Telefone: (28) 3558 2528
URL do programa: http://www.cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL

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Aclimatação da maquinaria fotossintética do clone de seringueira FX 3864 a ciclos de deficiência hídrica
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-07-14) Quaresma, Jessily Medeiros; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; Xavier, Talita Miranda Teixeira; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Pezzopane, José Ricardo Macedo
The rubber tree is a native Amazon species commercially exploited for its latex, which is used for the production of natural rubber. However, studies in Brazil have shown that the productivity of the rubber trees can be affected by climatic variation in the environments in which the culture is inserted, mainly as to water limitation, and report that plants subjected to successive water stress are able to develop faster acclimation responses, enhancing their performance when subjected again to the same stress. So the purpose of the study was to test the hypothesis that clonal seedlings of the rubber tree FX 3864 submitted to three water stress cycles are able to present much more evident acclimation responses than plants subjected to just one cycle. Ecophysical and microclimate variables were monitored throughout the whole experiment, which was conducted in a greenhouse in the town of Jerônimo Monteiro, ES. The experiment lasted 167 days (October 2015 to April 2016) and the seedlings were grafted 47 days before the treatments initiated. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD). The treatments consisted of cycles of water deficiency (WD): control (regularly irrigated plants); 1C (plants subjected to one cycle); 2C (plants subjected to two cycles); and 3C (plants subjected to three cycles). Each cycle of WD was characterized by two phases, the first phase with plant dehydration by withholding irrigation until the net assimilation rate (A) of the plants reached zero (A = 0), and the second phase with the replacement of water substrate to near field capacity (FC). After the rehydration of the plants, when the rate of A reached 90% of the rate of the control plants, a new cycle of water deficiency was initiated. The results showed that the plants of treatment 3C obtained higher rates of A, stomatic conductance (gs), and transpiration (E) and instantaneous efficiency in the use of water (by the relationship of A/E) during the third cycle of WD, ending the cycle with 25% of available water (AW) in the substrate, in relation to the plants of 2C and 1C. The water status of the 3C plants, observed by the relative water content (RWC) to the end of the third cycle of WD, remained similar to the control plants, indicating a higher maintenance of turgor in the plant cells. The 1C plants were affected by WD, because even with 44% AW in the substrate, the fluid status within the cells was significantly reduced, and consequently the physiological processes. As to the photosynthetic pigments, the plants of treatment 3C accumulated higher levels of chloroplastid pigments, especially chlorophyll and carotenoids in relation to plants 2C and 1C. Therefore, we concluded that the plants subjected to three cycles of WD acclimated their photosynthetic machinery throughout the water stresses to which they were subjected, unlike the plants subjected to one WD cycle, because one single cycle promoted severe damage to their metabolism causing severe reduction in their physiological rates and consequent leaf abscission.
Alelopatia da samambaia pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) cockayne em uma floresta estacional semidecidual
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-25) Santos, Kezia Catein dos; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; https://orcid.org/0000000169377787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0203797981088640; https://orcid.org/0000000210301216; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000322177846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092; Zorzanelli, João Paulo Fernandes
The impact of clearings dominated by Pteridium esculentum (G. forest.) Cockayne in delaying ecological restoration is a worldwide concern because areas invaded by this fern occur in thousands of square kilometers that were previously forested. In conservation units (UCs), such as the National Forest of Pacotuba, where there is an invaded fragment, restoration is of great importance because even small fragments in UCs can harbor high biological diversity, requiring measures to increase the management for the conservation of these species. areas. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the soil seed bank in the area invaded by P. esculentum, as well as the transposition of the forest seed bank in the presence or absence of fronds of the species. In addition, to analyze whether the fern has an allelopathic effect on native species. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) P. esculentum fronds negatively influence the germination of species from the soil seed bank in the forest nursery; (ii) allelochemicals present in dry fern fronds reduce the richness and number of individuals that germinate in the field; and (iii) higher numbers of Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos seeds germinate when irrigated with less concentrated P. esculentum (G. forest.) Cockayne extracts (iv). Experiments were carried out comprising the germination of the seed bank from the soil in the forest nursery and the transposition of the seed bank from the interior of the forest to the area, in 20 plots installed in open gaps. For the allelopathic tests in the laboratory, aqueous extracts of the species were used on H. heptaphyllus seeds. The choice of the species was due to the high availability of viable seeds in the forest nursery. As a result of the germination of the seed bank in the nursery, no individuals of P. esculentum were found, the bank was composed mainly by species of the families Asteraceae and Melastomataceae. The transposition of the seed bank to the invaded area resulted in the germination and growth of a single species, Trema micrantha, which occupied practically all the plots, including the control treatment plots, indicating that the seeds were not taken only with the transposition technique. The average time of germination and the growth of the aerial portion of the individuals of H. heptaphyllus were influenced by the extracts of P. esculentum, however it is necessary that more studies are carried out in order to understand the action of allelochemicals on the germination of seeds of species native.
Algoritmo genético aplicado ao planejamento do uso do solo com vistas à qualidade ambiental e retorno econômico
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-28) Dambroz, Carlos Silva; Zanetti, Sidney Sara; Cecílio, Roberto Avelino; Xavier, Alexandre Candido; Mendes, Helder de Amorim; Oliveira, João Paulo Bestete
Land use planning is a complex activity that considers both environmental and socioeconomic factors. In a degradation scenario, strategies should be developed that allow the best use of natural resources and avoid its overexploitation. This work aimed to develop a method to be applied in catchments land use planning at a pixel level. The environmental variables, soil loss and water surplus, and the economic variable, gross income, were considered in an optimization process. The optimization was implemented through Genetic Algorithm in association with the use of the Analytic Hierarchy Process method. The method was applied in four different regions using different scenarios for evaluation. The developed method is an efficient tool to support decision making in environmental planning. The technique presents flexibility to be adopted in regions with very distinct physical characteristics and to achieve the local decision makers demand.
Alocação de pátios de estocagem em planos de manejo na Amazônia por meio de programação matemática
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-07-23) Silva, Evandro Ferreira da; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; Figueiredo, Evandro Orfanó; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; Torres, Carlos Moreira Miquelino Eleto; Binoti, Daniel Henrique Breda
The introduction of the concept of forest management accuracy has enabled the management of native forests a significant gain in accuracy and detail of exploration activities. The methodology enables the creation of a database with quantitative, qualitative and global positioning of each individual inventoried. Although this technique has reduced costs and environmental impacts, there are still some gaps that need to be improved, including the allocation of cargo handling areas, which so far is carried out arbitrary way in planning, guided by the coverage radius and modeling relief in computing environment. Given the above, the study aimed at the deterministic planning ideal places to hold the wood storage, so as to minimize the distances of drag. The study was developed in an area of 638.1783 ha, which were allocated 7896 possible storage yards to meet the demand of 1,478 exploitable individuals, taking into account the terrain elevation model, remaining individuals, permanent preservation areas and restricted areas. Finally, it performed the division of the area into sub-areas, guided by the river network. The model identifies great places allocation yards, governed by restrictions on distance and maximum volume stored. Thus, we tested four possible scenarios, evaluated the results using the Euclidean trees-yard distance and the planning of forestry. The assessment by the Euclidean distance, resulted in reductions in distances drag in all scenarios, with scenario 1 (restriction of maximum capacity and maximum distance), the scenario with improved performance, resulting in 16.81% of earnings, 21, 13%, 16.36% and 7.29% respectively, the total sum of the distances of drag, average maximum distances of drag, average distances and volume drag coefficient of variation of the courtyards. Evaluating the positioning in relation to the yard, the scenario 1 gave 20% gain, 32% and 67%, respectively for the shorter distance of 258 m intervals, between 258 and 300 m and greater than 300 m. In the analysis of post scenarios planning exploration, as the planning of forest roads, only scenario 1 showed an increase of 2.83% over the planning run, with scenario 2 which obtained better IX results in decreasing 18.48% to road construction, followed by scenario 4 (-9.35%) and scenario 3 (-0.36%). The relevance of the environmental impact was crucial to determine the best scenario, although the scenario 1 has 2,94km less than skid trails that scenario 2, holds 3,22km over construction of forest roads, so the scenario 2 obtained better performance. When analyzed the estimation of environmental impacts all scenarios have gains over run, and the stage 2 had lower estimate the generation of environmental impact, with a gain of 13.90% in relation to the planning run. Thus, it can be concluded that the scenario 2 (model with restriction maximum volume capacity and patio without restricting maximum distance carrier) had the best performance and the models proposed have been successful in relation to the planning run.
Alterações do cerne e da densidade da madeira de eucalipto em função da idade e do espaçamento de plantio
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Santos, Lourdes Maria Hilgert; Dambroz, Graziela Baptista Vidaurre; https://orcid.org/0000000192857105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2988548512574129; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0243-457X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4944396427517799; Zanuncio, Antonio Jose Vinha; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-4027; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1308717361298958; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; https://orcid.org/0000000178536284; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8643263800313625; Oliveira, Michel Picanco; https://orcid.org/0000000192410194; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6383844066460475
abstract
Alterações no solo, nutrição e crescimento de Eucalyptus sp. decorrentes do uso de diferentes qualidades de água
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-03-11) Rocha, Silvania Arreco; Cecílio, Roberto Avelino; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Garcia, Giovanni de Oliveira; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar
The discard of effluent can represent an environmental problem when its final destination is the hydric resources. However, due to the presence of nutrients in its composition, the agroforestry use may represent an increase in productivity and fertilizer economy. Accordingly, this research aims to study the initial growth and nutrition of three species of Eucalyptus sp. when subjected to irrigation with different water qualities, and analyzes changes in soil fertility. The experimental design used in the experiment was randomized in a factorial 2 × 3 × 3 (two periods of three levels of water quality and three species of eucalyptus), with three replications. Seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis, E. urophylla and urograndis with 90 days were planted in 5 L pots filled with Oxisol. Twenty days after planting, the seedlings started to be irrigated with different water qualities. Two growth analysis were performed to determinate the shoot height, stem diameter, leaf area, shoot dry weight, root dry mass, total dry weight, index between shoot and root, absolute growth rate, relative growth rate, leaf area ratio, liquid assimilation rate, index between shoot height and diameter and percentage of roots. In the end of the experiment, the plant leaves collected on the two tests were sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, zinc, iron, manganese, copper and boron. In addition, soil samples were sent to the laboratory to determine the levels of pH, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, potential acidity, total bases, effective cation exchange capacity, cation exchange capacity at pH 7, base saturation, and saturation in aluminum. The results indicated that the sewage effluent gave a higher growth than the water supply and fish farming water. For the species, urograndis showed greater root mass, total dry matter, absolute growth rate, liquid assimilation rate, and as well as E. urophylla, higher relative growth rate. Furthermore, E. grandis and E. urophylla had higher leaf area ratio. With regard to leaf analysis, higher levels of leaf nitrogen and iron in seedling fertigated with sewage effluent were found, while the levels of calcium, manganese, copper and boron were higher in the seedlings irrigated with tap water and fertigated with fish farming water. In soil, only the potassium was affected by the quality of water used, being higher with the use of sewage effluent and fish farming water
ALTIMETRIA E AVALIAÇÃO DE IMPACTOS AMBIENTAIS NA LAGOA MÃE-BÁ, ESPÍRITO SANTO - BRASIL
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-24) Filho, Claudio Barberini Camargo; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; https://orcid.org/0000000326179451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; https://orcid.org/0000000175854842; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000322177846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092; Preto, Bruno de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6185-8989; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1302310640473426; Burak, Diego Lang; https://orcid.org/0000000267583517; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2501042964619476; Ferrari, Jeferson Luiz; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5663-6428; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5213847780149836
A avaliação de impactos ambientais em recursos hídricos é um tema multidisciplinar, pois demanda de conhecimentos diversos. Entre esses, pode-se citar, geoprocessamento, química da água, ciclagem de nutrientes, legislação, ecologia, toxicologia entre outros. As características morfométricas de uma lagoa são essenciais para entender seu funcionamento, pois podem influenciar a qualidade da água. Tais características podem ser aferidas por meio de estudos batimétricos, a partir de eco sondas ou de imagens derivadas de satélites. Neste caso, utiliza-se interpoladores (modelos matemáticos) construindo espaços tridimensionais. Por meio destes modelos tridimensionais, é possível determinar as características batimetricas do recurso hídrico. O estudo da conformação do recurso hídrico é o primeiro passo para avaliação de impactos ambientais. As características batimétricas influenciarão na composição física e química da água, que por sua vez influencia na composição de comunidades de zooplâncton e fitoplâncton, afetando todo o ecossistema. É sabido que lagoas com baixa profundidade são sistemas muito mais sensíveis, pois o próprio turbilhamento da água aumenta a possibilidade da suspensão do sedimento, modificando caraterísticas física e químicas da água (devido a revolvimento da matéria orgânica), podendo aumentar o estado trófico do ambiente. Além disso, o turbilhamento pode suspender substâncias tóxicas, como por exemplo elementostraços depositados no sedimento. Estes acontecimentos podem aumentar a toxicidade deste ambiente para a ictiofauna local, que a longo prazo pode causar danos irreversíveis ao ecossistema. Os testes de genotoxicidade, como o teste do micronúcleo ou ensaio cometa, podem auxiliar um diagnostico ambiental seguro. Nosso objetivo foi utilizar imagens do Landsat 8 juntamente modelos de inteligência artificial como o Random Forest para obter a potencialidade de imagens de sensoriamento para predição da batimetria em uma lagoa e avaliar a qualidade ambiental por meio de testes de genotoxicidade de uma lagoa costeira. Para isso utilizamos dois tipos de batimetria, a primeira foi realizada por meio de receptores geodésicos de GNSS, de dupla frequência, em tempo real (RTK) acoplado a um ecobatímetro e na segunda foi utilizada imagens derivadas de satélites (Landsat 8) com o processamento dos dados utilizando o pacote Random Forest do programa R. Realizamos também a análise da água e a quantificação de elementos-traços no sedimento da lagoa. Por fim, foram realizados testes de genotoxicidade através do teste do micronúcleo e o ensaio cometa. A utilização de técnicas batimétricas utilizando imagens derivadas do sensor OLI do satélite Landsat 8 é uma boa alternativa em lagoas, desde que não apresentem estágios de eutrofização avançados. Foi detectada uma concentração elevada de Ni e Cr no sedimento, mas apesar dos testes de genotoxicidade derem positivo, não é possível identificar a causa desta genotoxicidade. Não é possível apontar a mineradora como a principal fonte de Ni e Cr na lagoa, pois análises realizadas em uma lagoa testemunha apresentou níveis de Ni e Cr elevados. Sendo assim concluímos que a lagoa Mãe-Bá vem sofrendo uma forte pressão antrópica e que pode estar sendo potencializada pela sua morfometria e características ambientais do local.
Amostragem do Fuste e Efeito da Casca na Qualidade da Madeira de Eucalipto Visando a Produção de Mdf (Medium Density Fiberboard)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-29) Araujo, Stéffany De Lima; Silva, João Gabriel Missia da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3714-2745; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2819330926740099; Almeida, Maria Naruna Felix de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6360-7780; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5436388734663217; Vidaurre, Graziela Baptista; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9285-7105; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2988548512574129; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9318-2610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3322377872897794; Sousa, Thaís Brito; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7776-8649; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8113216921200026; Castor Neto, Thayanne Caroline; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-1665; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6667969524192169; Medeiros Neto, Pedro Nicó de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5647-0050; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6441001734932075
Knowledge of the characteristics of young eucalyptus used in industries is essential to infer the quality of the products and waste generated. Due to the natural variability of wood, good accuracy of results takes into account the sampling used and, with the large use of eucalyptus in the wood industries, there is also a large generation of waste, especially the bark. Some companies, such as reconstituted wood panel products, use this type of disposal in the manufacturing process. Therefore, the shell should not be treated only as a destruction, but should be evaluated in more detail. That said, the objectives of this dissertation were to evaluate sampling strategies along the tree trunk to determine the basic density of eucalyptus clone wood and evaluate the influence of the presence of bark on the properties of eucalyptus wood through the production of Medium Density Fiberboard. The wood of four eucalyptus clones were studied, two hybrids of Eucalyptus urophylla x Eucalyptus grandis, one Eucalyptus grandis and one Eucalyptus urophylla, aged 6 years, from a commercial plantation in the municipalities of Lençóis Paulista and Agudos, state of São Paulo, Brazil. Five trees were collected per clone, according to the average planning diameter predicted by the forest inventory. Discs were removed along the commercial shaft, in addition to a sample at the position of the diameter at breast height, which were divided into sampling strategies. The properties evaluated were: proportion of heartwood and bark in the discs, basic density, chemical composition, pH and ash for bark, wood with and without bark. The average density between samples ranged from 476.69 to 449.61 kg m-3 . The DBH corresponded to 91.85 to 99.74% of the general bole average, depending on the clone and sampling strategy used. The base-top sampling strategies analyzed did not show significant differences between them, only the one that considers only the DBH was different from the others. Alternative 1 sampling satisfactorily estimated the average density considering all clones as a single material, which is the best strategy for measuring basic density under the conditions given in the present study. The sampling positions from 50% of the commercial height of the bole were better related to the basic density. The proportion of bark varied from 8.22 to 10.25%, while the proportion of heartwood ranged from 26.98 to 36.16%. The basic density of wood was 455 to 502 kg m-3 , for wood with bark it ranged from 447 to 483 kg m-3 , for bark the range was 342 to 368 kg m-3 . The mixture of wood and bark for the evaluated eucalyptus clones was not enough to significantly modify the basic density, chemical composition, pH and ash of the wood. The ash and extractive content were the wood properties most impacted by the presence of bark. Most of the technological properties analyzed in eucalyptus bark were different from wood with and without bark.
An Approach Regarding the Use of Firewood as Fuel For Baking Pizzas in Masonry Ovens
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2024-02-27) Cezario, Luis Filipe Cabral; Dias Júnior, Ananias Francisco; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9974-0567; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2428652077952117; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0075-4083; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5396555620313508; Souza, Elias Costa de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9514-635X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2443233154986868; Lucia, Suzana Maria Della; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0322-7684; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8734982167185652
The use of firewood in masonry ovens for pizza preparation is a practice carried out in various regions of the world, in both domestic and commercial settings. It stands out as a source of renewable energy, low cost, and easy access. Most of the time, the firewood used for baking pizzas is not subjected to any quality selection process. The lack of quality discrimination of the firewood significantly contributes to the instability of the baking temperature of pizzas, the decrease in the energy efficiency of the combustion process, and mainly to the increase in emissions of atmospheric gaseous effluents. In this scenario, this study aimed to investigate the effects of firewood properties on the thermal profile of the oven and its implications on combustion and atmospheric emissions. Additionally, it aimed to analyze the influence of firewood as a fuel on the physical and chemical properties of pizza dough subjected to the baking process. For this purpose, Eucalyptus spp. firewood was divided into two batches by size: whole firewood and sectioned firewood. After size separation, each batch consisted of three moisture levels: oven-dried firewood (0% moisture), air-dried firewood (24% moisture, wet basis), and firewood composed of blends (initial oven ignition with 24% moisture firewood and subsequent feeding with anhydrous condition firewood). Thus, the study had six firewood variables, namely: i) W0 (oven-dried whole firewood); ii) W24 (air-dried whole firewood); iii) WB (whole firewood with blend); iv) S0 (oven-dried sectioned firewood); v) S24 (air-dried sectioned firewood); vi) SB (sectioned firewood with blend). The firewood was characterized physically (moisture and basic density), chemically (structural and elemental chemical composition), and energetically (higher, lower, and useful calorific value, TG/DTG, and energy density). For the pizza dough baking tests, the oven was subjected to a minimum temperature of 450 ºC, and the dough remained in baking for 150 seconds. Throughout all baking tests, the thermal performance of the oven and emissions of atmospheric pollutants (CO, CO2, NOx, and SO2) were investigated using thermocouples, a thermal imager, and a gas analyzer, respectively. Additionally, the physicochemical properties, proximate composition, and PAHs of the baked pizza doughs were analyzed. In general, the size and moisture content of the firewood influenced the ignition speed, temperature increase, and temperature residence time of the oven. Treatments W0 and S0 were responsible for the highest levels of atmospheric pollutant emissions, while treatments WB and SB were responsible for the lowest levels of emissions. The pizza doughs underwent changes in moisture, pH, and carbohydrate content. The amount of PAHs in the pizza doughs was not altered due to the use of firewood for baking. In summary, the baking process of pizzas in masonry ovens, when conducted properly and using firewood in blends, becomes more efficient and less polluting, without compromising the quality of the prepared pizzas.
Análise comparativa da colheita florestal em regime de alto fuste e talhadia
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-09-15) Alves, Estevão Giacomin; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Fiedler, Nilton César; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do
In the forestry companies is common the discussion that in the harvest in coppice regime occurs losses in machines productivity, although the works in the literature are very scarce to prove such a claim. The objective of this work was to perform a comparative analysis of mechanized forest harvesting in the area of tall trees and coppice management regime, analyzing the technical parameters of forest lanyard ("harvester"), along with the influence of lateral budding for forest harvesting and machine productivity gains in different average volumes harvested tree. The survey was conducted in a forestry company in the county of Aracruz, Espirito Santo. Four treatments were performed, namely: coppice with lower productivity with lateral budding, coppice higher productivity without lateral budding, coppice lower productivity without lateral budding, and tall trees, with lower productivity. Four machines of the same model were used, with the same operators for four working days in each treatment, always in the first round, a total of 16 repetitions for each treatment. The comparison of means was performed using the t test, at the 5% level of probability and box plot was used for analysis of dispersion and asymmetry of the data. According to the results, there was no influence of lateral sprouting in machine productivity, but the difference in number of chain falls during harvest with side shoots is significant (2.86 times higher). No difference was observed between the productivity of the machine in coppice management regime and tall trees, however, the number of chain falls to harvest coppice is statistically different (1.59 times higher). Increased productivity plot caused an increase in machine productivity, with no statistical difference between the number of a power failure by volume processed in areas with different productivity of the field.
Análise da vulnerabilidade socioambiental à inundação em bacias hidrográficas do Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2025-02-26) Silva, Gabriel Adão Zechini da; Cecílio, Roberto Avelino ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2894-2481; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5497084995510727; Zanetti, Sidney Sara ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9135-3925; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4564504261678929; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8846-7964; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6726547334509852; Oliveira, Francielle Rodrigues de ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7135-432X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0392617073008925; Dambroz, Carlos Silva ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3918-851X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2429607903035181
The phenomenon of flooding is one of the most critical natural disasters; however, its effects can be further exacerbated by anthropogenic factors such as unplanned urban expansion and accelerated urbanization. In Brazil, many urban areas face critical conditions due to soil impermeabilization, deforestation, and inadequate infrastructure, which intensify the negative social and economic impacts of flooding. The Santa Maria River and Jucu River watersheds in Espírito Santo are particularly critical regions due to the combination of unfavorable natural conditions and challenging socioeconomic factors. Mapping socio-environmental vulnerability emerges as a relevant strategic tool for effective disaster planning and management, enabling not only the mitigation of impacts but also supporting infrastructure planning and emergency actions. In this context, this study aims to map the socio-environmental vulnerability of the Santa Maria River and Jucu River watersheds by integrating environmental and socioeconomic criteria that influence the occurrence and impacts of flooding. The methodology was based on multicriteria analysis with map algebra, using environmental criteria (geomorphology, HAND, precipitation, slope, land use and cover) for susceptibility mapping and socioeconomic criteria (education, income, risk groups, sanitation infrastructure) for vulnerability mapping. The steps included the definition of criteria, geographic data collection, weighting using the AHP method, cartographic processing with data reclassification and normalization, weighted algebra application, and the integration of final maps in a GIS environment. The results indicated that areas of highest susceptibility (grade 5) are concentrated along the coastal zones and densely urbanized regions, such as the Metropolitan Region of Greater Vitória, characterized by flat terrain and intense human occupation. The integrated analysis revealed that these areas overlap with regions of high socioeconomic vulnerability, where population density, precarious drainage infrastructure, and soil impermeabilization amplify risks. The mapping provides a clear view of the priority areas for interventions and public policies. It is concluded that the metropolitan region of Vitória, particularly the municipalities of Vitória, Vila Velha, and Cariacica, contains areas classified as having very high levels of socio-environmental vulnerability to flooding, making them the most critical regions within the Santa Maria da Vitória and Jucu River basins
Análise de fatores ergonômicos em uma fábrica de móveis planejados no Sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-16) Jucá, Fábio Larcerda; Souza, Amaury Paulo de; Minette, Luciano José; Schettino, Stanley; Fiedler, Nilton César
The furniture sector is responsible for a large number of leave caused by diseases and accidents at work. The objective of this research was to carry out an ergonomic evaluation of the furniture fabrication planned in the southern state of Espírito Santo, aiming to improve workers' health, well-being, safety, comfort and productivity. Data collection was carried out in a planned furniture factory located in the municipality of Iúna, in the south of Espírito Santo, between May and August 2017. The population consisted of ten male workers with a mean age of 32 years, all directly involved in the furniture production process. Human factors and working conditions, environmental factors (temperature, luminance and noise), biomechanical analysis and the risks of Repetitive Strain Injuries/Work Related Musculoskeletal Disorders (RSI/MSDs) were evaluated. The workers received no guidance regarding ergonomics and work safety, and all stated that they did not use personal protective equipment. As for the thermal environment, the average IBUTG value was 19.7, being perfectly tolerated by a worker during the 8 hours of work for this moderate activity, according to Regulatory Norm 15 of the Ministry of Labor. The noise levels found were higher than the recommended limits for an 8-hour working day. The average lighting in the furniture factory was 151.4 lux, considered to be totally deficient for the environment. In biomechanics, in phases 2 (positioning of the MDF plate in the machine) and 3 (removal of the MDF plate from the machine), the values found regarding risks for compression of the vertebral disc L5-S1, were above the limits recommended for the activities of furniture manufacturing. For the furniture manufacturing activity, this was classified as high risk for RSI/MSDs. The value found indicates that if the mode and pace of work is not modified, there is a strong possibility that these workers will acquire RSI/MSDs.
Análise de fatores ergonômicos na colheita florestal no sul do estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-16) Jesus, André Tavares de; Fiedler, Nilton César; Carmo, Flávio Cipriano Assis do; Juvanhol, Ronie Silva; Minette, Luciano José
The growing demand for raw materials from forests has meant that forestry companies have significantly improved their harvesting systems, aiming to increase productivity and improve the well-being of their operators. In this sense, the present work aimed at the ergonomic analysis of semimechanized harvesting activities in the southern state of Espírito Santo. This research was developed in three properties with eucalyptus plantations in sloping areas. The profile and working conditions were analyzed through the application of a questionnaire through individual interviews. The work environment was evaluated by analyzing noise levels, illuminance, vibration and thermal comfort. The postures adopted were analyzed using the OWAS method. And the risks of joint damage were analyzed with the application of 3DSSPP software from the University of Michigan. The results of the workers' profile showed that 100% of the evaluated workers are of the masculine gender, of low education, with good levels of training, with availability of personal protection equipment, more in some cases without custom of continuous use. The form of remuneration between the properties are distinguished between monthly wages and productivity gains. The noise data show that in all analyzes noise is above the limit established by law, thus there is a need to reduce the exposure or protection of these operators. The illuminance levels were above acceptable minima. However, there is a need for protection in the eyes of operators, especially during the summer. The illuminance levels were above acceptable minima. However, there is a need for protection in the eyes of operators, especially during the summer. The vibration levels are above the recommended limits for performing the activities. The thermal comfort analysis showed that all properties require changes in their working regime in summer and spring, especially in the hottest periods of the day, since the calculated IBUTG has exceeded the acceptable minimum of 26, requiring breaks every hour worked . The postures analyzed by the OWAS methods showed that there is a need for changes in the operations of the chainsaw operator especially during the opening of cutting and felling of the trees. For dockers / forklifts, the need for posture suitability may occur gradually over time. Through the analysis performed with the software 3DSSPP, it is possible to verify that for both operators, as well as for dockers / forklifts all postures compromised some articulation of the worker. It is therefore concluded that there should be adjustments in the working environment and in the positions adopted by the operators in order to improve their health, safety and well-being conditions.
Análise de registro de incêndios em florestas de produção
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-07-05) Canzian, Weslen Pintor; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3895-661X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8699171075880935; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-4692; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7543156387534740; Pereira, Reginaldo Sergio; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6614-6825; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2393229242953160; Pezzopane, Jose Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000000300244016; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482; Juvanhol, Ronie Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0040-3382 ; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2114194242680635; Silva, Elaine Cristina Gomes da
In the area of forest protection, forest fires are among the worst events that forests are susceptible to, and in the private sector, concern about fires intensifies through economic losses social and environmental impacts. The aim of this study was to propose a methodology for analysis of fire occurrences in production forests through a new classification for mean burned area and mobilization and displacement times. Specifically aimed to: identify the causes of fires, analyze the correlation between meteorological elements and the number of occurrences, distribution of occurrences throughout the year and day, average distance traveled by combat teams, and analysis of mobilization times , displacement and combat. The study was subsidized by the 10-year historical series of records of the occurrence of fires and meteorological variables from 26 meteorological stations of a eucalyptus pulp producer in the north of Espírito Santo and southern Bahia, from 2008 to 2017. According to the results, 91.4% of the 33,075 occurrences over the 10 years were originated by arsonists. Relative humidity is the meteorological element that most influenced the possibility of fires in the study area. On average, the Pearson correlation applied between the months of the year and the meteorological elements showed a moderate negative correlation of -0.52 for the relative humidity in Posto da Mata and a low negative correlation for the other regions. In addition, the correlation averages of all four regions showed negligible correlation for temperature and precipitation. In the average of the four regional ones, January, September and October were the only months to concentrate more than 10% of the occurrences between the months of the year, respectively 12,14; 11.33 and 14.76% of occurrences, totaling 38.24%. The highest concentration of fires was from 1:00 pm to 4:59:59 '' with at least 51.31% of occurrences. The mobilization and displacement times were satisfactory, with averages of at least 75.15 and 60%, respectively, concentrated to class II, represented respectively by the maximum limits of 5 and 50 minutes. The average displacement and combat times presented a strong positive correlation with the average burned area size. This demonstrates the importance and necessity of an agile and efficient firefighting strategy. Despite an average of 9.06 daily fire outbreaks in 220,000 ha of planted forests, the average burned area over the years was 2.39 ha. The classes of mobilization, displacement and average burned areas proposed by this study enable forest fire managers in production forests to analyze how the structure and fire fighting model have behaved, so that the higher the concentration of forest fires. occurrences in the larger classes, the greater the possibilities of adjustments in the combat system.
Análise de risco de incêndios em florestas plantadas
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-06-02) Eugenio, Fernando Coelho; Pezzopane, José Eduardo Macedo; Pedra, Beatriz Duguy; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; Fiedler, Nilton Cesar; Ferrari, Jéferson Luiz
In cases where prevention is not sufficient to prevent a forest fire, a rapid detection of it is a decisive factor to minimize the damage caused by fire, as well as the reduction of costs associated with its combat. Within this context, with this research we aimed to developed a Database-based risk model and to evaluate, along with other methodologies of forest fire risk, the onde that best represent the forest fires in areas of planted forests on the central coast of Espírito Santo state and Bahia south coast. A) Determination of areas with a homogeneous climate; B) Statistics on forest fires; C) Calculation and spatialization of forest fire risk indexes: Fire Weather Index (FWI); Monte Alegre Alterated Formula (FMA +) and Fire Risk of the National Institute of Space Research (RF); D) to develop a model for calculating the risk of forest fires based on the Database (RIF-Database); and, f) Selection of risk models from the forest inventories cataloged by FIBRIA Celulose S. A. The methodology adopted proved to be efficient for the grouping of meteorological stations in three homogeneous climatic subzones for a study area. There are two phases of forest fires in the studied area, being the first fase, subarea 1, from december to march, for subarea 2 from january to march and for subarea 3 in the months of january and february. The second season, for all subzones, is placed between the months of august to october. The FWI model presented the best results for a subarea 1. The RIF-Database model presented excellent results, being the model used for subareas 2 and 3. The FWI model is seen as a prosperous model for the study area since it discovered higher values for a subarea, faced to a model developed through the study area database, however, a study is needed to calibrate its parameters.
Análise de técnicas de combate a incêndios em plantios de eucalipto
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Canzian, Weslen Pintor; Binoti, Mayra Luiza Marques da Silva; Fiedler, Nilton César; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de
This study aimed to evaluate combat mechanics and fire management techniques in planted forests, specifically evaluated the efficiency of water use in different fighting forest fires systems, the efficiency of two of fighting forest fires systems, with different methods of elimination of fire and different managements of the understory vegetation in eucalyptus plantations with 6 years of age and the effects of vegetation height of the carbonization time planted forests. The evaluation of the efficiency of water use in different fighting forest fires systems the company uses has been measuring from the volume of water carrying capacity of the tanks, foam flow during combat, use of time, the power of transformation volume of water in foam volume and total volume available. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test. The evaluation methods and combat techniques on the effect of management of vegetation understory of eucalyptus plantations was conducted at a eucalyptus plot of 6 years old. 40 plots of 9 x 21 m, which evaluated the effectiveness of treatments to eliminate fire and analysis on the time of completion of the wet line and the time of the direct combat were assembled. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and means were compared by Tukey test. The analysis between the heights of the forest understory with the height of charring the bark of trees in stands of Eucalyptus was carried out to study the correlation of Pearson. records of occurrences of forest fires of the company were used between the months of October 2014 to March 2015, totaling 1 094 records. Among the combat systems analyzed, Caf's with the foam application technology showed the best results, and the determining factor for its highlight was the ability to change the volume of water in foam volume. In the evaluation of the effects of the methods and control techniques on the effect of sub-wood time, it may be noted that both combat methods presented satisfactory results, since, in all cases able to combat and prevent the spread of fire. They resembled 75% of the tests, with only significant difference in superiority and Caf's test in performing wet line areas without mowing. Moreover, it can be observed that the time to carry out the direct combat is better than the cooking time of firebreaks and the mowed treatments provided lower average times xii both in the manufacture of wet line as in direct combat. The analysis of the height of the vegetation on carbonization time showed a strong positive correlation with Pearson's coefficient above 0.95. This means that the higher the height of the vegetation in the largest forest understory are the carbonization heights in the trees. This carbonization time implies the wood loss for the company's pulp production, so the realization of the management of vegetation in critical areas of fire occurrence is one of the mitigation measures to be adopted to minimize timber losses carbonization
Análise de tronco aplicada à avaliação de crescimento de árvores de paricá
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-02) Corteletti, Rafael Bridi; Vidaurre, Graziela Baptista; Mendonça, Adriano Ribeiro de; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; Soares, Carlos Pedro Boechat; Oliveira, José Tarcísio da Silva
Front of gradual increase in areas planted paricá (Schizolobium amazonicum) and the growing interest of this species for plywood industry, biometric information about this species are scarce in the literature. This study was conducted with the objective of provide information dendrometric and growth for paricá in Paragominas region, Pará, through stem analysis complete. To attain the purpose, trees have been cut down thirties seven years old and these discs were obtained along the trunk, the positions of 0.1 m, 0.3 m, 0.7 m, 1.3 m and from this point of meter in meter, untill the first bifurcation. After collecting the discs, these were air dried and polished with a sequence of sandpaper for easy viewing of growth rings. With the polished surface of the discs were traced four rays perpendicular discs and with the assist of a magnifier rings were marked growth. After the delimitation of the rings, discs were scanned and the Image-Pro Express 6.0 was performed to measure the width of the rings from pith to bark. Discs in the height of 1.3 m above the ground, was made synchronization and microscopic characterization of annual growth rings. Logistic models were fitted volumetric, models taper, models form factor models average and diameter growth in structure prediction and projection. The models has been evaluated using measures the residual standard error precision absolute and percentage coefficient of determination, graphic residue analysis and statistics bias, mean absolute differences and standard deviation of the absolute differences. For the analysis of growth rings, can observe that this zone is demarcated fibrous. It was noted for the master series own paricá ring width favorable growth in the first two years. In commercial volumetric models showed that the model is Schumacher & Hall more accurate. In evaluating the taper functions in diameter model Demaerschalk was indicated that more precise results and height models Demaerschalk Ormerod showed similar results. The Logistic model stood out in terms of accuracy to estimate the average form factor. Finally, the model to describe the growth in diameter structure prediction was selected Exponential model to estimate the diameter in the form of Linear projection model was the most accurate
Análise do modelo de capacidade de infiltração variável (VIC) para as bacias dos rios Santa Maria da Vitória e Jucu
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-30) Campanharo, Wesley Augusto; Zanetti, Sidney Sára; Richey, Jeffrey Edward; Cecílio, Roberto Avelino; Xavier, Alexandre Candido
Hydrological modeling is a technique that enables a better understanding and representation of the hydrological behavior of watersheds. The Variable Infiltration Capacity (VIC) is a macroscale model, which simulates vertical transfer water and energy processes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the applicability of the VIC for two watersheds that the government of Espírito Santo made priority basins for hydrological study: Jucu and Santa Maria da Vitória. Therefore we obtained information of soil, vegetation and climatic, which were then aggregated to elevations data for obtain flow data simulated. Initially was separated 5 years of weather data (1992 a 1996) for the calibration process involving both obtaining the best resolution, as the best combination of parameters calibrated. This selection process was through the correspondence between the observed and simulated flows. Having the best combination found for each gaging station, began the validation process, which consisted of verifying the adherence of the model using a new series of 5 years (1997 a 2001). With the best resolution/combination was performed simulations of changes landscape, with three different scenarios of use and vegetation cover: CM1- considerer the application of ecological corridor’s project; CM2 – considerer the increase of 20% of forestry; CM3 – considerer the increase of 50% of forestry. For the 1024 combinations tested, only for the Santa Maria station inside the Santa Maria da Vitória basin was observed positive values of Nash. The validation process showed the same behavior, but the simulation of low and medium flows had better results. When analyzing the changes in flux rates from each simulated scenario, observed a decrease in runoff while increase the forest cover. The present work was unsatisfactory for two of three checkpoints and for simulation of low and medium flows, and may be can be a reflection of the type of calibration, together with the set of possible errors inherent in input files and/or deficiency of hydrological model parameterization.
Análise econômica da produção de eucalipto do programa produtor florestal no estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-01-21) Basso, Mateus; Fiedler, Nilton César; Paula, Elizabeth Neire da Silva Oliveira de; Chichorro, José Franklim; Machado, Carlos Cardoso
To analyze the costs of production activity of eucalyptus wood Forestry Partners Program in the State of the Holy Spirit, we assessed the costs of deployment, maintenance, harvesting and transportation. The information related to the activities and data of deployment costs, maintenance, harvesting and transportation were obtained through interviews with landowners encouraged the company Fibria S. A. providers and forestry services distributed in the State of Espírito Santo. Obtained data acreage, costs of the integral stages of the deployment process, maintenance, harvesting and transportation, distance from the production area to the storage yard timber, average productivity per hectare and average price per cubic meter of eucalyptus wood in year 2013. We conducted an individualized analysis of the costs of implementation, maintenance, harvesting and transportation and their respective contributions to the total cost of the activity and the estimation of economic activity indicators. It was observed in all scenarios analyzed the stages of harvesting and transportation costs showed the most expressive in the production process, representing percentage of the total cost ranging from 68,06 to 71,44%, followed by the deployment phases and phase income factors (opportunity cost of the land), respectively. According to the economic indices of investment in reforestation activity via mode woodlot presented itself as a viable alternative in all situations observed.
Análise ergonômica com ênfase na termografia em um sistema de exploração e processamento da madeira de floresta tropical
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-19) Soranso, Denise Ransolin; Amaury Paulo de, Amaury; Marçal, Márcio Alves; Minette, Luciano José; Oliveira, Michel Picanço; Bermudes, , Wanderson Lyrio
In the commercialization of the wood from the forest management areas, the consumer center has demanded that the raw material sold be forest certified as a guarantee that the product is from an area that meets the legal requirements of exploration, among them, those related to health and safety of workers are met. For the improvement of the working conditions, it is essential to apply the ergonomic analysis, in order to identify situations that can cause damages to the health and physical integrity of the workers, among the methods that can be applied to achieve this purpose in an ergonomic analysis, it is mentioned the thermography. In view of the above, the objective of this research was to perform the ergonomic analysis, with emphasis on the use of thermography, in a system for the exploration and processing of tropical forest wood in the North of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. To reach the proposed objectives, this study was divided into two chapters. The first chapter refers to the application of an ergonomic analysis in the activities of logging and the wood processing industry. The profile of the workers was initially characterized with the application of questionnaires. Subsequently the evaluation of the occupational exposure of the workers to the heat, followed by the analysis of the physical risks, noise and vibration. Finally, the biomechanical conditions, the risk of repetitive strain injury, and musculoskeletal disorders related to work and physical workload were evaluated. In the ergonomic analysis of the work it was verified that the workers have a degree of education, are not submitted to training and that the working conditions are a favorable scenario for the occurrence of accidents. The assessment of occupational exposure to heat and the qualitative analysis of noise and vibration demonstrated the need for the donation of control measures. With regard to the job position, the activities provided a high physical workload, high risk for the development of work-related musculoskeletal disorders and spinal injuries, indicating the need for the adoption of immediate ergonomic measures at work. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the conditions of the posterior region of the trunk of workers in the wood processing industry in tropical forest regions in the North of the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The evaluation of the use of thermography was conducted with the evaluation of nine workers from the wood processing industry and eight subjects belonging to a group called "control", composed of subjects who did not develop physically heavy activities. With the group of workers, the evaluations were carried out before the beginning of the working day on Monday and Friday, to verify if the accumulation of days worked would provide a differentiation in the obtained images. And in the control group, this evaluation was performed only on Monday, in order to obtain a "normal" temperature pattern of the body regions evaluated. The results showed that the mean values of the workers evaluated in situation I differed significantly in relation to the control group. In the evaluation of the accumulation of days worked and less time for recovery in relation to the period of longer rest time there were no significant differences in the thermal patterns obtained. The qualitative analysis evidenced a greater range of occupancy of thermal patterns with high temperature in the body region of interest of the workers in both evaluated situations. In general, the results indicate the need for an accurate examination in order to verify if the development of wood processing operations contribute to the appearance of musculoskeletal dysfunctions in workers.

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