Doutorado em Doenças Infecciosas

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A influência da modulação por TLR2, TLR4 e TLR9 na resposta de células T reguladoras em cultura de sangue periférico de indivíduos com infecção latente pelo Mycobacterium tuberculosis, desafiadas in vitro com o bacilo de Koch
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-07-10) Silva, Flávia Dias Coelho da; Rodrigues, Ricardo Ribeiro; Zeidler, Sandra Lúcia Ventorin Von; França, Johara Boldrini; Palaci, Moises; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima
Latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) affects approximately a quarter of the world's population. During LTBI, M. tuberculosis (Mtb) survives in a state of dormancy, which reactivates latent infection, which resumes normal growth and metabolism. Macrophages / monocytes (MO) play a central role in the mycobacterial pathogenesis, since they are the main cellular niche for Mtb during infections. The protective immune response, which the MO are part of is influenced by suppressive mechanisms, among them the increase of the activity of T regulatory cells (Tregs). Tregs have the ability to control tissue damage by decreasing adequate control of mycobacterial replication, and may also be involved in the reactivation and dissemination of Mtb. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) participate in the response to the infection by detecting and regulating it, and TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 are known to recognize components of Mtb, which influence the response to kinetics and cytokine production by infection. We sought to assess the influence of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 agonists and antagonist in peripheral blood and Mtbchallenged whole blood cultures of individuals with LTBI (TST+ group) relative to the negative control (TST- group), investigating the frequency of Tregs and MO cells, the microbicidal activity and the dosage of cytokine IL10, IL17, TGFβ and IFNγ among these groups. Higher frequency of MO (CD14+ CD16+ HLA-DR+ , CD14+ TLR2+ HLA-DR+ , CD14+ TLR4+ HLA-DR+ , CD14+ TLR9+ HLA-DR+ ) was observed in the peripheral blood of LTBI/TST+ individuals. In the action of TLR2, TLR4 and TLR9 agonists or of TLR9 antagonist, under the frequency of Tregs cells from Mtb-challenged whole blood cultures, there was a higher frequency of these cells in the TST+ group, which was reduced after the use of TLR9 antagonist (chloroquine). As regards the influence of Mtb infection on the cultures, the microbicidal activity was lower in the TST+ group. In cultures infected with Mtb and TLRs-modulated, there was a reduction of the microbicidal activity in the TST+ group, during stimulation with TLR2 agonist, and, in the same individuals, in the stimulus with TLR9 antagonist, it was observed the restoration of the microbicidal activity. As for the dosage of cytokine in the same cultures, there was a higher production of IL10, IL17 and IFNγ in the TST+ group, especially after modulation with chloroquine, compared to the TST- group. In summary, LTBI differs from the control TST- by the higher frequency of Tregs and MO and the lower microbicidal activity, whereas the TLR9 blockade, by the use of chloroquine, resulted in the reduction of Treg cell frequency, in the higher production of IL17, IFNγ and IL10 and in the improvement of the microbicidal activity of LTBI in relation to TST-.
Alcoolismo e Strongyloides stercoralis : investigação de possíveis fatores associados à maior prevalência do nematoide em alcoolistas crônicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-17) Ribeiro, Steveen Rios; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; Falqueto, Aloísio; Gomes, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira; Braga, Fabio Ribeiro; Leite, Gustavo Rocha
Introduction. Strongyloides stercoralis (Bavay, 1876) is an intestinal nematode that can proliferate in the host by autoinfection, and persist for decades without further exposure to exogenous infection. The prevalence of the parasite is poorly known in the state. Higher prevalence of S. stercoralis in chronic alcoholic patients than in non-alcoholics, attended at the same hospital, has been reported, but there are doubts about if there is a greater exposure to the parasite or greater survival and fecundity of females in the duodenum would increase the chance of encountering larvae in the feces. Objectives. To evaluate: (a) the prevalence of S. stercoralis in the state on samples of schoolchildren aged 7 to 14 years and samples from patients attended at the different outpatient clinics of the Hospital C.A. Moraes (HUCAM) and Hospital Concórdia at Sta. Maria de Jetibá; (b) the prevalence of the parasite on samples of alcoholics and non-alcoholics in the Department of Gastroenterology of HUCAM and Hospital Concordia; (c) the number of S. stercoralis rabditoid larvae on stools of alcoholics and non-alcoholics patients; (d) the anti-S. stercoralis antibodies on serum and Treg lymphocytes (Treg) in peripheral blood in alcoholics and non-alcoholics; (e) the use of the conventional PCR method on stool samples of alcoholic and non-alcoholic patients, to confirm the difference in prevalence observed between the two groups.
Análise de transmissão e da dinâmica de modificação de genótipos de Mycobacterium turbeculosis na Região Metropolitana de Vitória-ES em um intervalo de 10 anos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-25) Nóbrega, Renata Lyrio Peres; Palaci, Moisés; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Oliveira, Martha Maria de; Nunes, Ana Paula Ferreira; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Suffys, Philip Noel
Introduction: Molecular epidemiology have contributed to the understanding of the dynamic of transmission of tuberculosis (TB). Although many papers have been published on this subject, few studies, however, were performed taking into account the dynamic of modification of genotypic profiles of M. tuberculosis (Mtb) in a long time frame. Objective: To identify genotypes and factors associated with cluster size of Mtb in the population of the Metropolitan Area of Vitória – ES (RMV) and to analyze the dynamic of modification of Mtb genotypes in the RMV in a 10 years frame. Methods: This study had two parts.
Análise de virulência e ação de antimicrobianos terapêuticos e potenciais antimicrobianos em células planctônicas e em biofilme de Escherichia coli enteroagregativa: um estudo in vitro e in vivo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-11-01) Guerrieri, Caroline Gastaldi; Spano, Liliana Cruz; https://orcid.org/0000000262056988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7451382455806895; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6230-7695; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7158387702645384; Sa, Marta Helena Branquinha de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9752-8148; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2158584413298259; Schuenck, Ricardo Pinto; https://orcid.org/0000000198255762; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1211608551542058; Nunes, Ana Paula Ferreira; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7919-2938; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7851528667690358; Pereira, Marcos Dias
Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) is characterized by heterogeneity of potential virulence factors and biofilm formation. It can be classified as typical (tEAEC) and atypical (aEAEC) based on the presence of the AggR regulon, suggesting a higher virulence for tEAEC. As a result of its remarkable heterogeneity, its identification and determination of the susceptibility profile are not performed in the routine of laboratory diagnosis, and its treatment is done empirically. In addition, biofilm formation, which leads to the occurrence of persistent infections that may require antimicrobial therapy, confers resistance to antimicrobials and, in most cases, makes their eradication impossible. Therefore, the development of new therapeutic strategies for EAEC infections, mainly associated with biofilm formation, is sorely necessary. Phendione and its metallic derivatives (Ag-phendione and Cu-phendione) have shown effectiveness against several microorganisms, but so far their activity in E. coli isolates has not been investigated. Given the above, we aimed to analyze in vivo aspects of EAEC virulence and to analyze in vitro and in vivo the action of classic and new antimicrobials (phendione and its derivatives) on planktonic cells and EAEC biofilm. Regarding virulence analyses, we evaluated the survival of larvae after inoculation of the EAEC 042 wild-type and its AggR mutant. To evaluate the combination therapy with classic antimicrobials, the biofilm was formed in a peg-lid system, treated with combinations of antimicrobials from different therapeutic classes, and the inhibition and eradication potential of each combination was determined. We also analyzed the activity of phendione-derived compounds for EAEC in the planktonic form by determining the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and evaluating combinations of compounds with antimicrobials for resistant strains using checkerboard and time-kill methodologies. We also investigated the anti-biofilm activity of the compounds by determining the minimum biofilm inhibitory concentration (MBIC) and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (MBEC), in addition to other aspects such as the ability to inhibit the formation and disarticulate the mature biofilm and the possibility of using compounds associated with classic antimicrobials as a combined therapy to biofilm inhibition and eradication. Finally, we tested the treatment with Cu-phendione and Ag-phendione and their association with ampicillin in vivo in the G. mellonella model. Regarding the virulence of EAEC, we observed that the EAEC 042 mutant AggR strain showed a significant reduction in the mortality of inoculated larvae in relation to the wild-type strain, but its virulence was not completely lost. Combination therapy of classic antimicrobials in EAEC biofilms led to the eradication of 50% of the tested strains (2/4) in the ciprofloxacin-ampicillin and ciprofloxacin-tobramycin combinations. Phendione and its metal complexes showed high activity against EAEC strains in planktonic form with low MIC value, and, combining the metal complexes with antimicrobials by the checkerboard method, we observed an additive effect in most combinations. On the other hand, in time-kill experiments, the compounds showed synergism with both tetracycline and ampicillin. Regarding anti-biofilm activity, Cu-phendione showed the best result in the biofilm inhibition and eradication (68.6% - 24/35 strains), in the disarticulation of the mature biofilm (IC50 = 1.87 μM) and the inhibition of biofilm formation, mainly after six hours of incubation. Evaluating combination therapy in biofilms, we observed biofilm eradication of all strains (4/4) in combinations of Cu-phendione with cefoxitin, tobramycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin, and in combinations of Ag-phendione with tobramycin and ciprofloxacin. Furthermore, the combination of ampicillin with Ag-phendione significantly increased the survival of G. mellonella larvae when compared to ampicillin administered alone. In conclusion, the results obtained here demonstrate that the in vivo virulence of EAEC seems to be related to the AggR regulon, but not exclusively. Regarding the treatment strategies for EAEC infections associated with biofilm formation, despite the combination therapy with two classic antimicrobials having presented better results than the treatment with antimicrobials alone, analyzed in a previous study, the phendione-derived compounds were more promising, especially for its ability to eradicate the biofilm either alone or in association with antimicrobials.
Análise espacial da transmissão de genotipos de Mycobacterium tuberculosis em Vitoria, ES-Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Ribeiro, Fabíola Karla Corrêa; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Nóia; Palaci, Moisés; Suffys, Philip Noel; Oliveira, Martha Maria de; Falqueto, Aloísio; Spano, Liliana Cruz
Background. Genotyping Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates allows study of dynamics of tuberculosis (TB) transmission, while geoprocessing allows concomitant spatial analysis of clinical and epidemiological data. In the present study, genotyping data and spatial analysis were combined to characterize TB transmission in VitóriaES-Brazil to identify distinct neighborhoods and risk factors associated with recent TB transmission. Methods. From 2003 to 2007, 503 isolates were genotyped by IS6110 restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and spoligotyping. The spatial analysis included Kernel density estimation (KDE), k-function analysis on predicted estimates from a random-effects logit model and a t-test distance analysis. M. tuberculosis isolates belonging to identical RFLP patterns (clusters) were considered to represent recent TB infection (cases). Results. Of 503 genotyped isolates, 242 (48%) were categorized into 70 distinct clusters belonging to 12 RFLP families. The overall proportion of recent transmission was 34.2%. Kernel density maps indicated three areas of most intense concentration of cases. K-function analysis of the largest RFLP clusters and families showed that both co-localized in space. The distance analysis confirmed these results and also showed that unique-pattern strains (controls) randomly distributed in space. A logit model with random neighborhood effects was used to evaluate univariate and multivariate associations. When the predicted probabilities for each neighborhood were mapped, they identified the neighborhoods with high risk for recent transmission. Conclusions. Spatial and genotypic clustering of M. tuberculosis isolates revealed ongoing active transmission of TB caused by a small subset of strains in a subset of neighborhoods of the city. Such information provides an opportunity to target TB transmission control, such as through rigorous and more focused contact investigation programs.
AVALIAÇÃO CLÍNICA E TOMOGRÁFICA DA REGIÃO RINOMAXILAR EM PESSOAS AFETADAS PELA HANSENÍASE
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-10-06) Santo, Rachel Bertolani do Espirito; Deps, Patricia Duarte; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9820695143683631; https://orcid.org/0000000237560402; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Teixeira, Carlos Graeff; https://orcid.org/0000000327250061; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0464152494769261; Palaci, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000000320136071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2602694352713051; Ramos, Bernardo Faria; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Gomes, Ciro Martins
abstract
AVALIAÇÃO DA INFLUÊNCIA DA PRECOCIDADE DA ANTIBIOTICOPROFILAXIA NO RISCO DE INFECÇÃO EM FRATURAS EXPOSTAS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-11-16) Marchiori, Joao Guilherme Tavares; Nunes, Ana Paula Ferreira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7851528667690358; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Spano, Liliana Cruz; https://orcid.org/0000000262056988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7451382455806895; Meira, Debora Dummer; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Neto, Lauro Ferreira da Silva Pinto; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Junior, Charbel Jacob
abstract
AVALIAÇÃO DA NUTRIÇÃO NA CAPACIDADE DA RESPOSTA IMUNOLÓGICA DE CAMUNDONGOS C57BL/6 ATRAVÉS DA ADMINISTRAÇÃO DE DIETA INDUTORA DE OBESIDADE E DIETA À BASE DE AMINOÁCIDOS DURANTE A INFECÇÃO POR Leishmania infantum.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-03-31) Sarnaglia, Glenia Daros; Gomes, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3965075540969796; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Guimaraes, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; https://orcid.org/0000000321460180; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0261991057482057; Santos, Kenia Valeria dos; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9074173162086323; Castro, Juciane Maria de Andrade; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Fux, Blima; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5225003149904835
It has long been accepted that immunity or susceptibility to disease depends on the measure of nutrition. Nutritional imbalances affect the ability to host the protective inflammatory response, causing damage to immune defenses. Many of these mechanisms r
Avaliação dos portadores assintomáticos de DNA de Plasmodium SP em área endêmica de malária no Estado do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-12-11) Alencar, Filomena Euridice Carvalho de; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Alves, Rosana; Falqueto, Aloisio; Deps, Patrícia Duarte
abstract
Caracterização molecular de papilomavírus humano (HPV) e vírus adeno-associado (AAV) em lesões intraepiteliais de colo uterino : um estudo de seguimento
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-04) Freitas, Luciana Bueno de; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Spano, Liliana Cruz; Louro, Iuri Drumond; Musso, Carlos; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Palaci, Moisés
The cervical cancer (CC) is one of the most frequent types of cancer in women worldwide, not only in incidence but also in mortality, with HPV as the etiological agent. Some HPV genotypes, termed high-risk (HR-HPV) and its gene variants are more associated with the induction of malignancy in the cervix, being HPV16 and 18 the most frequent types. Some infections of the genital tract may act as cofactor of carcinogenic progression of CC, but adeno-associated virus (AAV) infection seems to be inversely related, which may reflect a protective role in the development of HPV-induced cervical cancer. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the role of AAV-HPV mixed infection and oncogenic variants of HPV in the progression of cervical intraepithelial and to follow the viral persistence / clearance and the relation to the progression / regression of cervical lesions. Cytological examinations were performed on cervical samples, collected in two moments, of women referred to the University Hospital Cassiano Antonio Moraes – HUCAM, and all of them received treatment as recommended. DNA was extracted using QIAamp® DNA Mini Kit commercial kit, following manufacturer's instructions. AAV DNA was investigated by PCR and nPCR and HPV by PCR and Hybrid Capture® (CH). AAV and HPV genotyping were performed by RFLP and RLB, respectively. From all the cases referred to the colposcopy clinic, 57.3% had normal cytology, 23.1% low grade intraepithelial lesions and 19.6% high-grade intraepithelial lesions. Out of the normal groups, 78% remained normal, while 22% progressed to lesion; from the cases with low-grade lesion, 74% regressed to normal cytology, while 78.6% of the cases with high-grade lesion showed low-grade lesion or normal cytology in the second collection. Fifty six percent and 36.5% of the samples were positive for HPV in the first and second samples, respectively. A good correlation (kappa = 0.66) between CH and PCR tests for HPV detection was observed. HR-HPV was detected in about 90% of the samples from both collections, the most common types were HPV16, 58, 51, 52 and 53. Non-European variants were associated with the development of high-grade cervical lesions, while AAV presence was inversely related to the progression of HPV-induced cervical lesions.
Células "natural killers" : mecanismo de regulação exercido pelo receptor KLRG1 e perfil de diferenciação e funcionalidade na Leishmaniose cutânea
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-28) Covre, Luciana Polaco; Gomes, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Salgado, Breno Souza; Falqueto, Aloísio; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; Guimarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes
abstract
Células T de memória e células T reguladoras de memória na infecção por Mycobacterium tuberculosis : uma avaliação in vitro
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-20) Stringari, Lorenzzo Lyrio; Gomes, Daniel Claudio de Oliveira; Rodrigues, Rodrigo Ribeiro; Amorim, Fernanda Gobbi; Guimarães, Marco Cesar Cunegundes; Palaci, Moises; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima
abstract
Classificação morfológica e genotípica e correlação entre propriedades fisiológicas e citopatogênicas de isolados clínicos e ambientais de Acanthamoeba
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-21) Possamai, Cynara Oliveira; Bueloni, Cinthia Furst Leroy Gomes; Falqueto, Aloísio; Fux, Blima; Gonçalves, Sarah Santos; Leite, Gustavo Rocha; Dettogni, Raquel Spinassé
Free living amoeba of the genus Acanthamoeba can eventually act as parasites, causing severe infections in humans and other animals. Some biological and physiological characteristics have been related to the grade of pathogenicity of strains, allowing inferences about the pathogenic potential of the genera. The main goal of this study was to classify isolates of Acanthamoeba obtained in Brazil, evaluate properties associated with their pathogenicity and discuss the results in association with the origin of the isolates. A total of 39 Acanthamoeba isolates obtained from amoebic keratitis cases (n=16) and environmental sources (n=23) were classified into morphological groups (I, II, III) and genotyped (T1-T20) by sequencing the 18S rDNA fragments ASA.S1 and GTSA.B1. Samples were also tested regarding their thermotolerance, osmotolerance and cytopathogenicity in MDCK cells. Comparisons of clinical and environment isolates were performed by x2 test (p<0,05). Isolates were classified as follows: group I (T17, T18); group II (T1, T3, T4, T11); and group III (T5, T15), with the predominance of genotype T4 (22/39). Clinical isolates were genotyped as T3 (1/16), T4 (14/16) and T5 (1/16). The majority of isolates (38/39) were able to grow at 37 °C, but tolerance to 40 °C was more frequent among environmental samples. The tolerance to 1 M mannitol was infrequent (4/39), with three of these corresponding to clinical samples. There was no significant difference between the numbers of clinical and environmental isolates that presented tolerance to 40 C (p=0,06), to 1 M mannitol (p=0,14) and ability to cause cytopathic effects (p=0,59). Variable correspondence of these properties was observed among distinct genotypes. This study identified, for the first time, the genotypes T1, T15 and T18 in Brazil. It also indicated a weak association between the clinical origin of the isolates and physiological tolerance tests and cytopathogenicity, demonstrating that some in vitro parameters do not necessarily reflect a higher propensity of Acanthamoeba to cause disease.
Coorte retrospectiva de crianças e adolescentes, infectados pelo HIV por transmissão vertical, no Espírito Santo : comorbidades, mortalidade e sobrevida
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-03-25) Silva, Sandra Fagundes Moreira da; Zandonade, Eliana; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Pinto, Jorge Andrade; Machado, Daisy Maria; Dietze, Reynaldo; Cerutti Junior, Crispim
BACKGROUND: Early diagnosis and antiretroviral therapy in infants infected with HIV through vertical transmission, reduces HIV progression and comorbidities that can lead to death. OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to describe the frequency of comorbidities and to verify their distribution according to demographic, epidemiological and clinical data; to evaluate risk factors for progression to death, late diagnosis and trend of mortality in a cohort of children and adolescents infected by HIV vertical transmission in a reference hospital in the state of Espírito Santo. SPECIFIC OBJECTIVES: 1. To describe the frequency of comorbidity diagnosed after the diagnosis of HIV and verify their distribution according to demographic, epidemiological and clinical data, and according to the classification of cases in a cohort of children and adolescents with AIDS. 2. To evaluate the progression of predictors of risk factors for AIDS and death and cause of death. 3. To estimate the survival rate. METHODS: Retrospective cohort study of children and adolescents infected by HIV by vertical transmission (VT), treated at the Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória (HINSG) from January 2001 to December 2011 in Vitória - ES / Brazil. Data collection was carried out in a specific protocol standardized, and data on comorbidities, mortality and its underlying causes were obtained from medical records, death certificates and SIM database (Mortality Information System). The aids diagnosis and comorbidities were according to CDC(Centers for Disease Control and Prevention)/1994. RESULTS: From a total of 177 patients, 97 (55%) were female and 60 (34%) were less than 1 year, 67 (38%) had 1-5 years and 50 (28%) were 6 or more years old at enrollment into the service. Median age at admission was30 months (IQR 25-75%: 5-72 months). In relation to clinical and immunological classification (146, 82.5%) had a moderate / severe status at the time of entry into service and 26 (14.7%) died. The most frequent clinical signs were hepatomegaly (81.62%), splenomegaly (63.8%), lymphadenopathy (68.4%) and persistent fever (32.8%). The most frequent comorbidities were anemia (67.2%), pneumonia / sepsis / Bacterial Meningitis (64.2%), Acute Otitis Media (AMO)/ recurrent sinusitis (55.4%), recurrent severe bacterial infections (47.4%) and dermatitis (43.1%). An association was found between clinical and immunological classification in a severe form and entry into service at less than one year old with few comorbidities (p<0.001). The total time of the follow-up of the patients was 11 years, median of five years (interquartils range, IQR: 2-8 years). At the end of the study period 132(74.6%) patients were followed up, 11 (6.2%) were transferred to other services and eight (4.5%) were lost to follow-up. Regarding death as an outcome we observed a reduction of cases over time. Most patients who died were admitted to the service with classification of severe immune clinical status (77 % -20/26) had moderate / severe anemia and were on HAART for more than 3 months (17/24-71 %). The main risk factors for death were: age <1 year (p=0.005), P.jirovecii pneumonia (p=0.010), the percentage of T lymphocyte CD4 + nadir <15% (p=0.012), chronic anemia (p=0.012), severe clinical and immune status(p=0.003), recurrent severe bacterial infections (p=0.003) and tuberculosis (p=0.037). Having started HAART before 6 months of life (early diagnosis and treatment) was associated with being alive (OR 2.86, [CI 95%: 1.12 to 7.25] p=0.027). The principal diagnosis recorded for deaths were severe bacterial infections (12/21-57%). A high survival rate was observed, with 85.3 % probability of survival for more than 10 years (95%CI: 9.6-10.7). CONCLUSIONS: Most children that had late diagnosis of HIV infection also had an increased the risk of progression to aids and death because of lack of early treatment. The trend of mortality of HIV-infected children showed a steady decline in the past two years of the study, and bacterial infections persisted as major cause of death. Therefore, improvements in prenatal care and pediatric follow-up with a view to early diagnosis of vertically infected children should be part of comprehensive care for children with AIDS which could reduce mortality of these children.
DISTÚRBIOS DO CRESCIMENTO PLACENTÁRIO E DESFECHO REPRODUTIVO EM GESTANTES INFECTADAS PELO HIV
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-06-25) Reis, Helena Lucia Barroso dos; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5842271060162462; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Junior, Crispim Cerutti; https://orcid.org/0000000294854191; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4257067087979999; Palaci, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000000320136071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2602694352713051; Passos, Mauro Romero Leal; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Menezes, Maria Luiza Bezerra
Introduction. Fetal growth and placental disorders are common in the maternal infection by HIV and can be assigned to both the infection as well as to comorbidities not associated with the virus. In addition to being perinatal morbidity determinants, they
DIVERSIDADE GENÉTICA DE NOROVÍRUS EM INDIVÍDUOS COM DIARREIA AGUDA: UMA ANÁLISE TEMPORAL
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-10-25) Barreira, Debora Maria Pires Goncalves; Spano, Liliana Cruz; https://orcid.org/0000000262056988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7451382455806895; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4065537941002091; Fumian, Tulio Machado; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Silva, Rita Elizabeth Checon de Freitas; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9089935616920117; Palaci, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000000320136071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2602694352713051
Human Norovirus, belonging to three genogroups and more than 30 genotypes, are the main cause of sporadic gastroenteritis and outbreaks in the world. They are characterized by significant evolution due to mutation and recombination events, and generation
Doenças infecciosas no sistema prisional : dados dos sistemas de informação de saúde e do sistema prisional
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-05-06) Job Neto, Francisco; Zandonade, Eliana; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa; Gerson Fernando Mendes Pereira; Falqueto, Aloisio; Cerutti Junior, Crispim; Sá, Ethel Leonor Noia Maciel
abstract
Doenças infecciosas no sistema prisional : dados dos sistemas de informação de saúde e do sistema prisional
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-05-06) Neto, Francisco Job; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5556-8379; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5842271060162462; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9758-1897; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6199697836186159; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; https://orcid.org/0000000348263355; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3761398932271892; Junior, Crispim Cerutti; https://orcid.org/0000000294854191; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4257067087979999; Falqueto, Aloisio; https://orcid.org/0009-0009-8044-5504; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7897153591613337; Pereira, Gerson Fernando Mendes
Background: Public health must be combined with criminal justice to offer medical care to prison populations, because, generally, they come from areas of society with significant levels of deficient health and social exclusion. Objective: The goal of this study was to explore the surveillance data about mandatory reporting diseases, included in the official information systems, and evaluate the historical trend in prisoners in Brazil. Methods: A time trend study was performed using secondary data from prisons’ health units. Nationwide representative data of Brazilian prisoners were obtained from 2007 2014 health and prison information systems database were analyzed. These data are managed by units identified as prison health facilities. Diseases diagnosis and individual data were available at the Information System of Disease for Notification (SINAN), Mortality Information System (SIM) and Prison Registration Systems (INFOPEN and GEO prisons). Analyses of the notification data were performed in the SINAN at the national level. SINAN was consolidated with SIM, INFOPEN, and GEO prisons data. Results: A total of 23,235 cases of mandatory notification diseases were reported in prison units in Brazil. Of these cases, 20,003 (85.6%) were men and 3,362 (14.4%) were women. Over time, the proportion of prisoners increased from 1.92 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2007 to 2.77 per 1,000 inhabitants in 2014 (rising trend). From a total of 27 states, 12 of them presented a growth in disease notifications, 14 were stable, and in only one state was there a decrease in notifications. There was an increase in notifications in the country as a whole. Tuberculosis (64.4%), dengue (9.1%), AIDS (9.0%), and viral hepatitis (5.9%) were among the most frequently reported diseases during the study period. Conclusion: Despite showing stable tendencies, our results show high rates of diseases in Brazilian prisons. Prison health services should not be isolated but integrated into regional and national health and justice systems.
Efeito de derivados de 1,10-fenantrolina sobre cepas de Acinetobacter baumannii produtoras de carbapenemases
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-10-31) Mendes, Roberta Ferreira Ventura; Nunes, Ana Paula Ferreira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7851528667690358; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2075-1579; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5751109105279693; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4065537941002091; Spano, Liliana Cruz; https://orcid.org/0000000262056988; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7451382455806895; Silva, Rodrigo Cayo da; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0709-6282; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5699739668358897; Resende, Juliana Alves; https://orcid.org/0000000254763754; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8223821041049149
Therapeutic options are becoming limited for patients infected with Acinetobacter baumannii due to increased resistance to commonly used antimicrobial agents, such as carbapenems. The development of new antimicrobials became a priority. In this sense, the present study aimed to evaluate the effects of 1,10-phenanthroline and its derivatives, fendione, Cu-fendione and Ag-fendione, alone and combined with carbapenems in different strains of A. Baumannii producing carbapenemases. For this purpose were investigated: (i) the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (CBM) of the compounds, meropenem (MPM) and imipenem (IMP); (ii) the effect of combining the compounds with MPM and IMP by checkerboard and time-kill curve; (iii) the effect of combinations in a Galleria mellonella model and (iv) the effect of Ag-fendione in a mouse model. The results obtained by determining MIC and CBM demonstrated excellent antimicrobial activity by the four compounds against all strains (n=26). The mean MIC values of 1.10 phenanthroline, fendione, Cu-fendione and Ag-fendione were 12.98, 1.98, 1.56 and 1.56 μg / ml, respectively. Through the checkerboard, synergistic and additive action was verified in the combinations of compounds with IMP and additivity when combined with MPM. The time-kill curve method showed that combinations containing ½ x MIC of Ag-fendione or Cu-fendione produced an additive effect for 6 hours. It was observed that the combination of MPM with Ag-fendione was able to eradicate bacterial cells. Ag-fendione and Cu-fendione showed bactericidal effect in 6 hours, but it was not dose-dependent. The combination of the compound Ag-fendione with MPM showed statistically significant superiority in relation to the agents alone in a model of G. mellonella. The compound Ag-fendione was able to reduce the infection caused by A. baumannii in a model of infection in mice at a concentration of 75 µg / kg. Treatment with ½ × CMI of 1.10-phenanthroline and its derivatives inhibited approximately 68% of the biomass and 60% of the cell viability of A. baumannii in biofilm. Thus, the results obtained demonstrate the potential of 1,10 phenanthroline, fendione, Cu-fendione and Ag-fendione as drug candidates alone or combined with carbapenemic antimicrobials for A. baumannii.
Epidemiologia da Rickettsia parkeri cepa Mata Atlântica no Estado do Espírito Santo, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-06) Martinez, Alvaro Adolfo Faccini; Junior, Crispim Cerutti; https://orcid.org/0000000294854191; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4257067087979999; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Santos, Adriano Pinter dos; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Palaci, Moises; https://orcid.org/0000000320136071; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2602694352713051; Szabo, Matias Pablo Juan; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Falqueto, Aloisio; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7897153591613337
Since 2010, a new rickettsiosis caused by Rickettsia parkeri, a species included in the spotted fever group (SFG) and transmitted by the tick Amblyomma ovale, has been described in Brazil. Considering that A. ovale does occur in the Espírito Santo state (

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