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- ItemAtuação de gradientes de radiação solar na fisiologia e bioquímica das plantas e na caracterização física dos frutos e na qualidade das sementes de dois genótipos de Theobroma cacao l. (Malvaceae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-11) Seidel, Tatiane Aparecida Zorzal; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogerio Faustini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-492X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1970-0555; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4690823735316582; Silva, Diolina Moura; https://orcid.org/000000033885280X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0341541450627705; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org0000-0002-9516-2031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Gomes, Marcos Thiago Gaudio; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9903805899337418; Arantes, Sara Dousseau; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6202-4153; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6966978781439168The cultivation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in environments with little or no shade has gained prominence for increasing productivity in relation to cultivation in shaded environments. Cocoa is considered one of the most important perennial crops in the world because its seeds are the raw material for the production of chocolate, one of the most consumed foods in the world. However, studies with cacao plants exposed to full sun, study their physiological and biochemical behavior only when young, in their initial growth, there are no studies that evaluate the physiological and biochemical modifications of adult cacao plants, as well as the analysis of fruits and seeds formed under different conditions of solar radiation. In the present work, physiological and biochemical changes caused by different levels of solar radiation (100% full sun, 70%, 50% and 20%), in winter and summer, were evaluated in adult plants of two cacao genotypes. PH 16 and IPIRANGA 01, both resistant to witch's broom. It was also evaluated how the different levels of solar radiation (100% full sun, 70% and 50%) affect the physical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the seed quality. Plants of genotype PH 16 exhibited better performance under conditions of 100% solar radiation. The IPIRANGA 01 genotype showed behavioral variations, however such variations did not cause damage that prevented the development and maintenance of the plants, which allowed the adjustment and acclimation of the plants. Thus, both genotypes studied were able to acclimate to the different light levels studied. The fruits of the genotype PH 16, besides showing a higher yield of seeds and pulp when cultivated in full sun, also showed a higher yield, the seeds of this genotype in full sun exhibited characteristics favorable to the production of quality chocolates. The fruits of the IPIRANGA 01 genotype did not exhibit a higher yield in full sun when compared mainly to 50% of solar radiation, however in full sun the yield was higher than in the other treatments. Thus, full sun cultivation is indicated for the increase of cacao production and at the same time to obtain seed quality standards
- ItemDesenvolvimento de formulações de Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV): efeito da radiação ultravioleta, do armazenamento e do substrato alimentar(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-10-23) Paiva, Carlos Eduardo Costa; Santos Junior, Hugo Jose Goncalves dos ; https://orcid.org/0000000267806610; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8499663924650322; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0598-7556; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7544068911776191; Xavier, Andre da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000000292510301; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5661020509713522; Zago, Hugo Bolsoni; https://orcid.org/0000000319753590; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6021586329353959; Carvalho, Jose Romario de; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0757-7817; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4605461562432789; Valicente, Fernando HercosRising is the industry's interest in the manufacture of microbial insecticides, including Spodoptera frugiperda multiple nucleopolyhedrovirus (SfMNPV) -based products that are effective in controlling the fall armyworm, Spodoptera frugiperda J. E. Smith (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). However, limiting factors for the production of baculovirusbased bioinsecticides are the high production cost and rapid inactivation by ultraviolet (UV) radiation, which reduces the persistence of viruses in the field and, consequently, the efficiency of the products. Moreover, the efficiency of these products is influenced by the food substrate and most of the time studies focus on determining the efficiency of a product on the pest when applied to the preferred pest crop, but in the case of polyphagous pests such as S. frugiperda, considered the main maize (Zea mays L.) crop in Brazil and which feeds on several other plant species, including cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz), there are no studies on the effects of SfMNPV baculovirus application in cassava leaves on the mortality of S. frugiperda caterpillars. The works were divided into three types of bioassays, with different objectives: in the first, the objective was the formulation of products based on SfMNPV and the evaluation of the pathogenicity and virulence of these formulations on S. frugiperda caterpillars, and storage for 12 months in an uncontrolled environment, ie without temperature, humidity and photoperiod control; in the second, the effects of ultraviolet radiation (UV) on the quality of these formulations were studied; and, third, the feasibility of applying the SfMNPV virus to control cassava leaf-fed S. frugiperda caterpillars. In the first study nine formulations of SfMNPV were evaluated, six as wettable powder (WP) and three as emulsifiable oil (EO), which were compared with each other and with a commercial product. The inert materials tested were: kaolinite; commercial clay (clay soil); maize starch; coloral (annatto dye); commercial clay + corn starch (5%) + coloral (5%); corn meal; and corn oil. In the case of EO formulations, all were made with corn oil (50% of the formulation), but there was a treatment in which only corn oil was added, a treatment in which annatto essential oil was added (5% of the formulation) and another in which annatto and copaiba essential oils were added (5% and 0.5% of the formulation, respectively). Semiannual efficiency evaluations of baculovirus batches, applied on corn leaves as food substrate, were carried out to control S. frugiperda. Mortality, survival time, amount of virus present in the formulated during storage, percentage of original activity remaining (AOR) and efficiency of each formulated were evaluated. In the second study, all products mentioned in the first trial plus a viral suspension prepared with the unformulated virus (semi-purified SfMNPV isolate 6) were exposed to UV radiation (254 nm) for 30 minutes immediately after application to leaves of corn and offered to second instar S. frugiperda caterpillars (four days old). In the third study viral suspensions of the semi-purified SfMNPV isolate 6 and of the commercial formulation (CartuchoVit®) with different concentrations (2 x 105 , 2 x 106 and 2 x 107 OB/mL) were applied to the food substrates (maize leaves or cassava) which were then offered to second instar S. frugiperda caterpillars. In the first trial it was found that soon after manufacture, products formulated as PM caused the highest mortality (between 93 and 98%), especially commercial clay, which is the cheapest inert (R$ 0.01 per dose for one hectare), and with the exception of the commercial xii product which is also a WP and caused 86% mortality. However, virulence declined for all products, mainly after 12 months of storage. Considering the mortality variables at time 0 (soon after formulation), after storage for six and 12 months, applying a constant dose, or adjusting the dose to obtain a viral suspension containing 2.00 x 106 OB/mL, the virus loss observed in this period, the original remaining activity (AOR) and the virus efficiency during storage, the kaolinite formulated product presented the best performance, compared to the other formulated ones. In the second trial all products caused similar mortality of second instar S. frugiperda caterpillars in the absence of UV radiation exposure, ranging from 80 to 97%. Exposure to UV radiation (254 nm) for 30 minutes reduced virulence in all treatments, however the baculovirus formulation helped preserve virulence, especially those based on clay and/or annatto, which maintained the percentages remaining original activity (AOR) ranging from 67 to 70%, while the unformulated virus had 5% AOR. Results from the third trial indicated that mortality was higher when the caterpillars fed on SfMNPV-treated cassava leaves, considering the food substrates, cassava leaves and corn. Therefore, kaolinite is the most recommended inert material for the large-scale production of a SfMNPV-based bioinsecticide for storage at room temperature and should not exceed six months in these circumstances. However, commercial clay baculovirus (WP) formulation is also a viable alternative for large-scale production of SfMNPV, mainly due to its low cost and increased virus protection against the deleterious effects of UV radiation. Also, as there was no detrimental effect on the virulence of entomopathogenic virus based on the food substrate, it is possible to use SfMNPV as an alternative for management of S. frugiperda in areas that grow cassava and are infested with this pest species
- ItemEfeitos da aplicação de selênio exógeno sobre a fisiologia de mudas de eucalipto cultivadas em condições de salinidade(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-09-28) Santos Junior, Ramon Negrão; Werner, Elias Terra; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9047-7758; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5690784996911527; Falqueto, Antelmo Ralph; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2005727951505420; Cavatte, Paulo Cezar; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8029279967950425; Vitoria, Angela Pierre; Rodrigues Filho, JosineiSelenium (Se) is not yet considered an essential element for plant metabolism. However, it is well documented that in adequate doses Se can be beneficial to plants and improve stress tolerance mechanisms. In this scenario, the objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of applying Se (0, 1, 5 and 25 μM) in two eucalyptus genotypes (VCC 865 and AEC 0144) cultivated or not in saline conditions (0 and 100 mM NaCl). The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design and each genotype consisted of an independent experiment. After 60 days of treatment, growth, biomass, concentration of ions (K+, Na+ and Ca2+) in plant tissues, chlorophyll a fluorescence, gas exchange and pigment content were evaluated. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and compared using the Duncan test (p < 0.05). The observed results showed that salinity significantly affected the height, collar diameter (Dc), biomass, net photosynthetic rate (PN), transpiration rate (TR), stomatal conductance (gs), maximal quantum efficiency of PSII (FV/ FM), the concentration of K+, Na+ and Ca2+ ions in plant tissues. However, the application of Se was able to increase the concentration of K+ in the roots, reduce the concentration of Na+ in the leaves and attenuate the disturbances observed in the L-band and in the other parameters of the JIP test (Area, ABS/RC, RE0/RC, ϕP0, ψE0, ϕE0, δR0, ϕR0, PIABS e PItotal). The same effects were not observed on the K-band. The content of chloroplast pigments was also not influenced by salinity or Se application. Finally, it was concluded that the application of 1 and 5 μM of Se was able to reduce the concentration of Na+ in the leaves, improving cellular homeostasis, the performance of the light-harvesting complex II and energy conservation in the photosynthetic apparatus of VCC 865 and AEC 0144 seedlings.
- ItemMurcha de fusário em cafeeiro conilon: dinâmica espaço-temporal(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-10-14) Belan, Leonardo Leoni; Moraes, Willian Bucker; https://orcid.org/0000000174787772; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6727861982577995; https://orcid.org/0000000237414173; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0911945088400892; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-0268; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; Alves, Fabio Ramos; https://orcid.org/0000000182002891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6721628649701157; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira do; https://orcid.org/0000000330274830; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1032225749434466; Moraes, Wanderson BuckerBrazil is a reference in technologies, quality, production and coffee exports to the whole 30 world, and the State of Espírito Santo is a reference in productivity, techniques and 31 technologies for the management of conilon coffee in our country. However, many 32 diseases interfere with the productivity and management of crops, reducing their useful 33 life, among these, the recent fusarium wilt in Conilon coffee trees reported in the country 34 is spreading and little is known about it in our territory, due to the diversity of existing crops. 35 To resolve doubts related to the new pathosystem, epidemiological studies were carried 36 out in four crops of Coffea canephora, chosen for similarity of management and incidence 37 of symptomatic plants to the disease, being two crops of clonal propagation, containing the 38 cultivar conilon Vitória – 'Incaper 8142' and two crops of seminiferous propagation of the 39 cultivar Robusta Tropical - EMCAPER 8151 in the south of Espírito Santo state. They were 40 evaluated monthly, during three seasons, regarding the incidence and location of 41 symptomatic plants, identifying the evolution of the disease in time and space. To classify 42 the temporal pattern, fusarium wilt progress curves were plotted on Conilon coffee using 43 their incidence and adjustment values in monomolecular, logistic, exponential and 44 Gompertz epidemiological models. To classify the spatial pattern of the disease, the 45 dynamics and structure of foci, ordinary sequences of Runs and Doublet, were analyzed. 46 With the analysis, it was found that there was an epidemic in all areas evaluated, 47 regardless of whether it was clonal or seminiferous, which were adjusted to the 48 monomolecular model, and the pattern of distribution and compaction of foci varied 49 between areas and for clones, giving a view of the resistance between them and the 50 distribution in the planting line was in aggregates for some clones.
- ItemRelação do clima com a alocação de carbono estrutural e não estrutural em espécies arbóreas de florestas tropicais(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-13) Macieira, Bernardo Pretti Becacici; Cuzzuol, Geraldo Rogerio Faustini; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2055-492X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6127436626143032; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8283-2334; http://lattes.cnpq.br/8848771456041333; Mielke, Marcelo Schramm; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6930-2902; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9035736743125906; Milanez, Camilla Rozindo Dias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9516-2031; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1288447995978779; Werner, Elias Terra; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2549-7626; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3268068963656927; Pezzopane, Jose Eduardo Macedo; https://orcid.org/0000000300244016; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3640768649683482Tropical forests have a crucial role of the global carbon and climate cycle, cover 10 % of the surface of the Earth and store 25 % of global terrestrial carbon pool. Structural carbon pool (SC) of tree species that make up tropical forests may account 42 – 61 % dry biomass, while non-structural carbon pool (NSC) range for 25 – 35 %. Therefore, it is important to understand the dynamics of SC (cellulose, hemicelluloses and lignin) and NSC (soluble sugars and starch) allocation in tropical tree species, specifically in the face of climate variations, as well as the relationship of water and carbon in a systemic view. The aim of the present study was to evaluate how short-term climate variations modulate the allocation dynamics of SC and NCS in pioneer (Senna multijuga) and non-pioneer (Hymenaea aurea) tropical trees of Atlantic forest (Chapter 1). Another aim of this study was to provide a systemic view of balance between carbon allocation and hydraulics in different populations of tree species Neotropical Hymenaea courbaril distributed in a microclimate and continentalization gradient (Chapter 2). Our results showed that the leaf and wood SC and NSC pools of S. multijuga and H. aurea were influenced by climate variations with trends of higher values in winter. In this season of lower temperature and precipitation, we observed higher levels of soluble sugars (glucose, fructose and sucrose), hemicelluloses and their galactose and glucose monomers in S. multijuga. In this same season, H. aurea showed higher levels of leaf and wood starch and leaf hemicelluloses, including its arabinose monomer. The only carbohydrate that increased in summer was leaf cellulose in H. aurea. Generally, pioneer tree species showed higher levels of NSC in both source and sink organs, while the non-pioneer tree species exhibited higher levels of SC. Systemic view of H. courbaril populations revealed that changes leaf physiology is not necessarily associated with changes in volumetric growth rate, but it may be associated with changes in wood density. It indicates that trees are likely to invest in the addition of SC in a similar volume of wood. Another interesting result shows that trees precisely finely tune the concentrations of some cell-wall monosaccharides, more specifically xylose and mannose. These changes in cellwall composition are also associated with changes in the allocation of NSC likely related to the resilience of trees. We concluded that short-term climate variations influenced the SC and NSC contents and composition of pioneer and non-pioneer tree species increasing the size of these carbon pools in winter. Systemic view of the balance between carbon allocation and tree hydraulics has indicated that changes in leaf-level physiology, including assimilation and stomatal conductance, is a central feature in the coordination between carbon allocation and water transport in trees with important implications for the resilience of trees to climate change.
- ItemSuficiência amostral, superação de dormência, características fisiológicas, fitoquímicas e fitormonais, óleos essenciais e mecanismos alelopáticos na propagação de Passiflora spp.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-17) Lima, Paula Aparecida Muniz de; Lopes, José Carlos; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4880-0547; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1183524198654764; https://orcid.org/0000000316011786; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3743426965294848; Ferreira, Adesio; https://orcid.org/0000000270001725; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5400370038397801; Mengarda, Liana Hilda Golin; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8462-3701; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4212047276110003; Freitas, Allan Rocha de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3436114117792924; Maciel, Khetrin SilvaPassion fruit trees have an important role in Brazilian fruit growing. For many genotypes and hybrids, however, essential information is lacking to guide the propagation process and, therefore, the success of their cultivation. The objective of this work was to study and analyze the sample sufficiency, aspects related to dormancy and physiological, phytochemical and phytohormonal characteristics of seeds, the effect of using essential oils to control fungi in seeds and allelopathic mechanisms in the propagation of Passiflora spp. For experiments on overcoming dormancy, physiological, biochemical, phytohormonal characteristics and the use of essential oils, seeds of P. mucronata genotypes were used. Essential oils in the control of fungal contamination was analyzed in yellow and purple passion fruit seeds. The following were analyzed: germination, vigor, reserve substances and hormones. For analysis of allelopathy, bark extract of P. mucronata genotypes was used on the germination and vigor of Lactuca sativa seeds. For the analysis of sample sufficiency, seeds of the passion fruit hybrid (BRS Rubi do Cerrado – BRS RC) were used. The following parameters were analyzed: germination, germination speed index, shoot and root length, dry mass of normal seedlings and the ratio of root length to shoot length. The seeds of P. mucronata show integumentary dormancy. Treatments with mechanical scarification and immersion in sulfuric acid do not overcome seed dormancy of P. mucronata genotypes. The temperatures of 60 and 70 °C overcame the dormancy of seeds of the P. mucronata genotypes and provided greater germination and vigor. Seeds of P. mucronata genotypes G3, G7 and G8 showed greater germination and vigor when submitted to treatments to overcome dormancy. Seeds of the G2 and G8 genotypes showed the highest means of germination and vigor. Seeds of P. mucronata genotypes submitted to thermotherapy treatment have lower averages of nutritional reserves. Seeds of the G6 genotype have lower averages of germination, vigor, nutritional reserves and hormones. Seeds of the G2 genotype show higher averages of proteins and lipids, and of the AIA hormones, proline, ethylene precursor ACC, spermine and spermidine. Essential oils of citronella and cinnamon are efficient in controlling fungi in Passiflora spp seeds. The essential oils of citronella and cinnamon affect the germination and vigor of the studied P. mucronata seeds. Cinnamon oil at a concentration of 0.5% is efficient in controlling fungi and does not affect the physiological quality of Passiflora spp seeds. L. sativa seeds have their physiological cycle affected by allelopathic substances present in the peel of P. mucronata fruits. The concentration of bark extracts from 50% inhibits the germination of L. sativa seeds. For passion fruit seeds, the behavior of the experiment and the adjustment was the same, regardless of the variable, number of repetitions and treatment, with and without saline stress. Using 14 repetitions, regardless of the number of seeds, there is a 50% reduction in the amplitude of the bootstrap confidence interval.
- ItemUsing digital mapping and artificial intelligence to predict soil quality in the central portion of the Itapemirim river basin, southeastern Brazil(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-08-31) Barbosa, Kargean Vianna; Burak, Diego Lang; https://orcid.org/0000000267583517; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2501042964619476; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8184-607X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5279932752748851; Camelo, Danilo de Lima; https://orcid.org/0000000298018772; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0620489716195442; Santos, Alexandre Rosa dos; https://orcid.org/0000000326179451; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7125826645310758; Temporim, Filipe Altoe; Costa, David de AndradeSet against the backdrop of the Itapemirim River Basin, this multifaceted research delves deep into the geochemical intricacies, predictive modeling, and agricultural potential of the region's soils. Chapter one embarks on a geochemical exploration, emphasizing the significance of environmental quality, particularly in the context of trace elements arising from anthropogenic or geogenic activities. Through a rigorous analysis of soil samples in regions marked by bimodal magmatism, the study establishes correlations between trace elements and soil components, pointing to the potential influence of geological processes on soil quality. Chapter two shifts’ gears, leveraging the combined power of Sentinel-2 and Landsat-8 satellite datasets, processed via the Google Earth Engine platform. Machine-learning algorithms, from Decision Trees to Gradient Boosting, are employed to predict Soil Organic Carbon (SOC) and Total Nitrogen (TN) concentrations, with particular emphasis on low-intervention pasturelands in southeast Brazil. The findings accentuate the efficacy of machine learning models, especially when paired with high-resolution satellite data. In the final chapter, a revolutionary approach to Multicriteria Analysis Modelling is unveiled. This hybrid methodology marries the deterministic nature of algebraic map procedures with the predictive prowess of machine learning, culminating in a comprehensive Farming Favorability Index (FFI) for the region. The results offer a granular insight into the areas primed for agriculture, with the accompanying uncertainty map serving as a cautionary tale.
- ItemZoneamento climático para os cafeeiros conilon e arábica, e da favorabilidade para a ocorrência da ferrugem no Espírito Santo Alegre – ES 2023(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-03-31) Moraes, Simone de Paiva Caetano Bucker; Amaral, José Francisco Teixeira Do; https://orcid.org/0000000330274830; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1032225749434466; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8214-5873; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5042766148748174; Mendonca, Rodolfo Ferreira de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6157064077142048; Tomaz, Marcelo Antonio; https://orcid.org/0000000253070219; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7116075671588859; Jesus Junior, Waldir Cintra de; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5711-0268; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2614953467362376; Alves, Fabio Ramos; https://orcid.org/0000000182002891; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6721628649701157Brazil is responsible for the largest production and export of coffee (Coffea spp.) in the world. Espírito Santo (ES) is the second largest coffee producer in Brazil, being the largest producer of C. canephora and the third largest producer of C. arabica. The incidence of diseases in coffee plants represents one of the most limiting barriers to maintaining and increasing production and productivity in the agricultural scenario, with emphasis on coffee leaf rust (Hemileia Vastatrix). Knowledge of areas with climatic suitability for planting coffee tree and the favorable climate for the occurrence of coffee leaf rust in the state of Espírito Santo, are sine qua non conditions to assist in the sustainable management of coffee leaf rust in the state. Thus, the objective of this work was to determine the areas of climatic suitability for the planting of C. arabica and C. canephora and the climatic favorableness for the occurrence of coffee leaf rust in the state of Espírito Santo. The areas suitable for planting C. arabica and C. canephora corresponded, respectively, to 66.50 and 21.17%. The suitable areas with some type of restriction added up to 8.03% for C. canephora and 15.74% for C. arabica. Meanwhile, unsuitable and inappropriate areas for C. canephora and C. arabica corresponded, respectively, to 25.47 and 63.09%. The state of ES has 92.22% of its territory with climate favorable for the occurrence of coffee leaf rust (H. Vastatrix). Based on climate zoning and climate favorable conditions for the occurrence of coffee leaf rust, it is possible to plan the planting of coffee tree in their respective areas of suitability, in addition to planting more susceptible materials in regions unsuitable for the occurrence of coffee leaf rust and the more resistant in areas favorable to occurrence, helping in monitoring and decision-making for the use of fungicides. In this way, it becomes an important tool for establishing areas for cultivation of C. canephora and C. arabica, for the sustainable management of the disease.