Atuação de gradientes de radiação solar na fisiologia e bioquímica das plantas e na caracterização física dos frutos e na qualidade das sementes de dois genótipos de Theobroma cacao l. (Malvaceae)
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Data
2019-09-11
Autores
Seidel, Tatiane Aparecida Zorzal
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The cultivation of cacao (Theobroma cacao L.) in environments with little or no shade has gained prominence for increasing productivity in relation to cultivation in shaded environments. Cocoa is considered one of the most important perennial crops in the world because its seeds are the raw material for the production of chocolate, one of the most consumed foods in the world. However, studies with cacao plants exposed to full sun, study their physiological and biochemical behavior only when young, in their initial growth, there are no studies that evaluate the physiological and biochemical modifications of adult cacao plants, as well as the analysis of fruits and seeds formed under different conditions of solar radiation. In the present work, physiological and biochemical changes caused by different levels of solar radiation (100% full sun, 70%, 50% and 20%), in winter and summer, were evaluated in adult plants of two cacao genotypes. PH 16 and IPIRANGA 01, both resistant to witch's broom. It was also evaluated how the different levels of solar radiation (100% full sun, 70% and 50%) affect the physical characteristics of the fruits, as well as the seed quality. Plants of genotype PH 16 exhibited better performance under conditions of 100% solar radiation. The IPIRANGA 01 genotype showed behavioral variations, however such variations did not cause damage that prevented the development and maintenance of the plants, which allowed the adjustment and acclimation of the plants. Thus, both genotypes studied were able to acclimate to the different light levels studied. The fruits of the genotype PH 16, besides showing a higher yield of seeds and pulp when cultivated in full sun, also showed a higher yield, the seeds of this genotype in full sun exhibited characteristics favorable to the production of quality chocolates. The fruits of the IPIRANGA 01 genotype did not exhibit a higher yield in full sun when compared mainly to 50% of solar radiation, however in full sun the yield was higher than in the other treatments. Thus, full sun cultivation is indicated for the increase of cacao production and at the same time to obtain seed quality standards
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Radiação solar , Cacau , Fotossíntese , Pigmentos , Carboidratos , Sementes , Qualidade , Cocoa , Photosynthesis , Solar radiation , Pigments , Carbohydrates , Seeds , Quality