Doutorado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17508

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56

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Navegando Doutorado em Biologia Animal por Assunto "Animais em extinção"

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    A ocorrência dos mamíferos na Mata Atlântica oriental: do passado ao presente
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-29) Moreira, Danielle de Oliveira; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Silva, Daniel de Brito Cândido da; Ávila-Pires, Fernando Dias de; Costa, Leonora Pires; Ditchfield, Albert David
    It is known that human activities have caused major changes in many ecosystems, affecting the overall diversity of species. But there is a great urgency to understand how these activities historically has been influencing the persistence of organisms. Species’ studies of occurrence in historical times is a mean in indicating changes in the distribution patterns of species and also indicate human influence on the vulnerability of these populations. Historical research using old publications provide detailed descriptions of the occurrence of species throughout centuries, especially in periods prior to humans settlements. We conducted a study of large mammals in the Atlantic Forest, using publications from the sixteenth, seventeenth, eighteenth and nineteenth centuries to access records unknown or ignored by science, and we compared with recent records. We aimed (1) retrieve information on the identity and geographical distribution of large mammals, mapping scientific knowledge of the first centuries of Brazilian colonization, (2) identify patterns of range contractions caused by regional extinctions; and (3) indicate which are the main intrinsic and extrinsic factors that increase the vulnerability of extinction of large mammals in the Atlantic Forest. Among theold publications, we recognize at least 45 taxa of large mammals mentioned by the authors. We found that many of the descriptions made between the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries were recorrents, indicating that the information came from similar sources (e.g. indigenous culture, observations of precedents foreign visitors). Due to the evolution of science, the contribution of the nineteenth’s naturalists was more systematic bringing more information about mammals diversity and distribution. In order toidentify patterns in mammals’ occurrence and range contractions, we compared old and current occurrences records of 29 species Atlantic Rainforest. For five species we found that historical range is larger than in documented literature. Sixteen of the species had their ranges contracted, and nine lost over than 50% of its historical range. Because many of the Atlantic Forest large mammals are at risk of extinction, we indicated what are the main intrinsic and extrinsic factors that increase the vulnerability of these species. We use phylogenetic comparative methods and logistic regression analysis and assessed the spatial and temporal pattern of historical records of mammals. Mammals with slow reproductive characteristics were particularly vulnerable. Furthermore, for five species, human population density has influenced their recent occurrences. Historical analyses like this reveal possible regional extinction of species in a simple way, especially when they are not readily apparent. These results can be viiiused to improve our knowledge of historical conditions of the species and in future planning studies and management of large mammals
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    Muriquis e onde habitam: fatores que interferem na distribuição espacial de grupos sociais na Mata Atlântica fragmentada
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-23) Centoducatte, Luana D'Avila; Mendes, Sérgio Lucena; Paglia, Adriano Pereira; Strier, Karen Barbara; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis; Kierulff, Maria Cecilia Martins
    In a world of highly fragmented natural landscapes, it is convenient to identify different types of animal movement behavior and how they contribute to the understanding of dispersal processes and species distribution. Regional demand for agricultural products creates new patterns of land use and influences deforestation rates, changing the connectivity between habitats and therefore the degree to which animal populations are isolated or can maintain gene flow, and influencing the persistence of species in the landscape. In this context, this thesis addressed hypotheses about how habitat features affect the distribution and movement of the northern muriqui, an endemic, critically endangered primate, in an Atlantic Forest region, a hotspot of biodiversity. Using fieldcollected data, graph theory and individual-based spatially explicit models, we were able to analyze the muriqui’s population response to landscape variables, make inferences about the distribution of social groups, animal movement and population growth, and suggest conservation strategies that can be implemented in the region. We found that from 1970 to 2008, forest cover increased almost three-fold. The number of forest patches is diminished but the size increased, a reflection of the natural regeneration that connected some of the previously isolated patches. We found that patch size, connectivity and forest growth influence the distribution of muriquis, and their persistence in the landscape was probably ensured by forest regeneration and their ability to explore secondary forests. Empirical data showed that isolated forest patches produced a complete change of the typical behavior of muriquis, a primate with femalebiased dispersal pattern. At least five females stayed in their natal group and became sexually active and reproductive, while others left the group and became solitary. Forest patches functionally connected preserved that typical behavior, with dispersal of females from one group into another. Other than the expected female dispersal, we also recorded a fission of one group into two different social groups, in which the smallest one migrated to another fragment by crossing a road and an eucalyptus plantation. We developed the MPSG model (Muriqui Population Spread and Growth), which simulates movement behavior across the landscape by using population dynamics outputs as a trigger to regulate the events of migration. The simulation resulted in an average population increase of 2.4-fold in 50 years, with female migration playing an important role in that growth. More than 60% of females will probably have no success in finding a mating partner because their dispersal will lead to empty patches. We found that, for species with dispersal process such as the muriquis, connectivity may be as important as (or even more important than) habitat size. For conservation purposes, we proposed to improve the connectivity between patches, to establish a protected corridor of biodiversity, and the translocation of young females to other groups within the landscape. This study shows the importance of historical landscape analyses to understand potential population recovery of endangered species. Models that estimate the spatial behavior of populations in the landscape using spatial and population information can be a powerful tool to understand how past landscape features shaped present species distribution and to project the future persistence of this species.