Doutorado em Biologia Animal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17508

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019). Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56

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Navegando Doutorado em Biologia Animal por Assunto "Análise cladística"

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    Filogenia de Haltichellini Ashmead, (Hymenoptera, Chalcididae, Haltichellinae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-29) Tavares, Andrea Barbieri Navarro; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira; Kawada, Ricardo; Soares, Elaine Della Giustina; Costa, Valmir Antônio; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis
    Haltichellini is worldwide and assemble 29 genera and 376 species. Most of its generais unsatisfactorily defined and delimited, which has lead instability in the species classification and difficulties in their identification. This study presents the first cladistic analysis for the tribe and based on a representative sample of the world's fauna. This analysis aimed to evaluate the genera and to generate basis to propose a generic classification according to the cladistic relationships among its species.We assessed the monophyly of 24 from the 29 valid genera, based on 97 morphological characters, 54 unpublished ones. The results indicated that: Belaspidiais monophyletic and external to Haltichellini; from 14 genera with more than one species, seven were reported as monophyletic (Aphasganophora, Aspirrhina, Euchalcis, Neochalcis, Tainaniella, Tanycoryphus and Uga); Allochalcis was indicated as paraphyletic; and six genera were 6 indicated as polyphyletic (Antrocephalus, Haltichella, Hockeria, Kriechbaumerella, Oxycorypheand Rhynchochalcis).Based on these relationships, it was found the necessity of following nomenclatural adjustments and propositions: a new genus; ten generic synonyms; two revisions of generic status; 41new combinations; and revalidation of five combinations. Twenty-one genera are redefined. Description and identification key to genera studied, and illustrations for the characters analyzed are presented
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    Padrões e processos biogeográficos: o paradigma da Gondwana para o cosmopolitismo de Dissomphalus (Hymenoptera; Bethylidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-22) Martinelli, Arturo Benincá; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Fagundes, Valéria; Carvalho, Claudio José Barros de; Leite, Gustavo Rocha; Pellegrino, Kátia Cristina Machado; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis
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    Sistemática da linhagem Miroculis (Ephemeroptera: Leptophlebiidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-07-31) Raimundi, Erikcsen Augusto; Domínguez, Eduardo; Salles, Frederico Falcão; Paresque, Roberta; Carvalho, Alcimar do Lago; Silva, Rodolfo Mariano Lopes da; Tavares, Marcelo Teixeira
    Miroculis lineage was initially proposed by Savage & Peters (1983)based on probable monophyletic relationshipamong four Neotropical genera: MiroculisEdmunds, 1963; MicrophlebiaSavage & Peters, 1983; HermanellopsisSavage & Peters, 1983; and Miroculitus(Needham & Murphy, 1924). Knowledge about last three genera has been poorly increased since their original description and most part of them are restricted only by type-series. Microphlebiais represented only by two species, as well as in Hermanella, and Miroculitusis a monotypic genus. On the other hand, Miroculisis one of the most specious genera of Leptophlebiidae South American with 18 valid species divided in four subgenera: Atroari, Miroculis s.s., Ommaethus, and Yaruma. Subgenera were supported by a relationship based basically by dorsal eye morphology. After main paper that treated to revise lineage, few knowledge about it has been performed. Even that, new species described allied to some remarks about morphological variations, have highlighteduncertainties about taxonomical identities of many species even of Miroculis’subgenera. Moreover, because most species are known mainly by one stage of development (mostly by adults stages), it is not possible understand their phylogenetic relationship since just part of semaphorontis known.Thus, goals of this thesis were to review taxonomyof Miroculislineage in addition to propose a first formal phylogenetic hypothesis about lineage, genus, subgenus and species. After analysis of type-series and additional material taxonomical results are: Promineogerousgen. nov.; Promineogerousconfusasp. nov., Miroculisauranticorpussp. nov., Miroculiscryptophallussp. nov., Miroculisexilibranchiasp. nov., Miroculispronexionsp. nov., Miroculisstenopterus(already published), and Miroculiswarbeastsp. nov.; Promineogerousarsianew. comb. Likewise, Microphlebiabecomes synonym of Hermanellopsis, and Microphlebia pallidaand Microphlebia surinamensisbecome synonym of Hermanellopsis incertans. Nymphs of Miroculis caparaoensisand Miroculis misionensisare described. About new phylogenetic hypothesis, monophyly of lineage is reaffirmed, but analyses were not recovered Miroculis’subgenera as monophyletic, so Savage & Peters’ proposal is refuted. Both taxonomy and phylogeny are so far to be well understated especially since it is necessary to know all stages of development.
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    Taxonomia integrativa de Thaptomys Thomas, 1916 (Rodentia: Cricetidae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-21) Colombi, Victor Hugo; Fagundes, Valéria; Loss, Ana Carolina; Leite, Yuri Luiz Reis; Pellegrino, Kátia; Geise, Lena
    Thaptomys Thomas, 1916 is a monotypic rodent genus endemic from Atlantic Forest. Despite the low morphological differentiation, cytogenetic and molecular data suggest an underestimated diversity for this taxon. Thus, the present work tested the hypothesis that Thaptomys is not monotypic, from an integrative analysis, with cytogenetic, morphometric (secondary data), molecular and niche modeling data, performing a broad taxonomic revision for the genus. We analyzed 201 specimens (141 citogenectilly) of 26 localities, from Una/BA to San Raphael, Paraguay. G and C banding, FISH with telomeric probes and chromosome painting allowed the characterization of five new karyotypes, described for the first time: 2n=48/FNA=52, 2n=49a/FNA=52, 2n=49b/FNA=52, 2n=50/FNA=52, 2n=51/FNA=52. Our data suggest that centric fusions of four acrocentrics pairs (1+15 and 3+4) generated a large metacentric and other submetacentric pairs, in homozygous and heterozygous conditions, combinations at 2n=48-51/FNA=52. In addition, we refined the mechanism of differentiation between karyotypes of 2n=50/FNA=48 and 2n=52/FNA=52, as a complex rearrangement involving unequal centric fission of each small metacentric 25 homologue, followed by a tandem fusion of each arm derived from 25 in the acrocentric pairs 2 and 23. Phylogenetic analyzes (Cytb) recovered a "Noth Clade" of wide geographic range, from Una/BA (2n=50/FNA=48), Luminárias/MG (2n=48-51/FNA=52) to Tapiraí/SP (2n=52/FNA=52) and the other samples formed a politomy ("South"), from Tapiraí/SP (2n=52/FNA=52) to San Rafael and Limoy (Paraguay, without karyotype), which diverged by 2.15%. Specimens with different karyotypes were not recovered as monophyletic, although specimens with 2n=50/FNA=48 formed two distinct and exclusive clades. Population analysis (CytB and six microsatellite loci) indicated Una/BA (2n=50/FNA=48) as a distinct population from the others, diverging in 1.89% from 2n=52/FNA=52 and 1.2% of 2n=48- 51/FNA=52, without sharing of haplotypes with another karyotype or locality. Morphologically, specimens with 2n=48-51/FNA=52 did not present any distinction of those with 2n=50/FNA= 48 and 2n=52/FNA=52 and that are geographically isolated. The geographic distribution of the different karyotypes shows that they were never detected in sympatry, that there is no evidence of hybrids between them and that they seem to be geographically isolated, since Una/BA (2n=50/FNA=48) is distant in 938 km of Luminárias/MG (2n=48-51/FNA=52), and 500km from Santa Teresa/ES (2n=52/FNA=52). The fixation of a chromosomal rearrangement with a high frequency in a population, such as the central fissions and tandem fusions observed in specimens with 2n=50/FNA=48, would result in separation of Thaptomys populations into non interbreeding subgroups (with and without chromosomal rearrangement), representing a barrier to gene flow, as suggested in the peripatric speciation model. Thus, founding populations of small size would tend to represent distinct species, the chromosome being the triggering factor of this process. The lack of phylogenetic resolution in recovering specimens with different karyotypes as monophyletic, added to the subtle (not significant) morphological distinction, may indicate a process of abrupt speciation, started by complex chromosomal rearrangements in which the lineages did not have time to accumulate differences. In view of the data, a much more complex interpretation is proposed, in which Thaptomys would be represented by two species, being (I) Thaptomys sp. n., with 2n=50/FNA=48, exclusive from Una, Bahia; and (II) Thaptomys nigrita, presenting chromosomal polymorphism, with three subspecies, being (III) Thaptomys nigrita ssp. n with 2n=48-52/FNA=52, exclusive from Luminárias, Minas Gerais, (IV) Thaptomys nigrita nigrita (nominotypical subspecies; 2n=52/FNA=52), occurring from Santa Teresa (ES) to Tapiraí (SP) and (V) Thaptomys nigrita subterraneus (2n=52/FNA=52), from Pilar do Sul (SP) to San Raphael (Paraguay).