Doutorado em Biologia Vegetal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019.
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1, p.63 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 14/03/2019, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://biologiavegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBV/detalhes-do-curso?id=99
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Navegando Doutorado em Biologia Vegetal por Assunto "Alelopatia"
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- ItemAvaliação alelopática, mutagênica e fitoquímica de extratos vegetais de três espécies exóticas invasoras(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-17) Moreira, Schírley Aparecida Costalonga; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; Belcavello, LucianoBiological contamination is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and contributes to the extinction of native species. Studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of invasion used by alien species are very important in the search for effective solutions to combat these species allelopathy is a promising field of investigation; however, the relationships between allelopathic effects and intracellular changes are rarely established. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemistry of the foliar ethanolic extract of Acacia mangium Willd (forest mangrove), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit) and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl (loquat) as well as infer about their allelopathic actions through four test organisms (Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, Leucaena leucocephala e Urochloa brizantha) and its mutagenic potential using the A. cepa system. In allelopathic assay, seeds of test organisms germinated on Petri dishes covered with filter paper soaked with deionized water (negative control) or four concentration of each extract (1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/mL); were measured the germination index (GI), germination speed index (GSI), allelopathic index (AI), radicles growth speed index (RGSI), germination mean time (GMT), germination mean speed (GMS) and radicles mean length (RML). For mutagenic assay A. cepa seeds were submitted to continuous and discontinuous (acute and chronic) treatments in medium with deionized water, the herbicide trifluralin (1,9 µL/mL) - positive control -or one concentration of extracts and were measured the mitotic index (MI), aneugenic effect index (AEI), clastogenic effect index (CEI) and anomaly index (AI). A. mangium Willd extract presented in its composition saponins, triterpenes and tanins and affected the GI, GSI and AI of L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha; in relation to GMT, L. leucocephala was the only specie affected. The GMS changed only in L. sativa. All species had RML and RGSI modified. The extract shown cytotoxic properties, since it reduced the MI of A. cepa without changed the AEI, AI and CEI. To A. heterophyllus Lam extract, was detected flavonoids, triterpenes and tanins and occurred significant changes in AI and GI to L. sativa, A. cepa e U. brizantha; the GSI was affected in L. sativa e U. brizantha, while GMT reduced in L. leucocephala e U. brizantha. RML and RGSI of all test organisms were altered. Besides reducing the MI, the extract caused an increase in CEI demonstrating that the observed allelopathic effects are reflections of both a cytotoxic and a genotoxic action. In turn, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl extract shown flavonoids, steroids, saponins and alkaloids in its phytochemical profile and reduced the GI, GSI and AI in L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha. There was a decline in GMS of L. sativa. The extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl presented cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials and affected RML and RGSI of all test organisms. Of the three species tested, Eriobotrya japonica presented potential for the development of a Biological control for other alien species.
- ItemEfeitos do herbicida clethodim (Poquer®) nas interações alelopáticas entre as linhagens produtoras de toxinas de Microcystis aeruginosa e Raphidiopsis raciborskii: o papel da variação de nitrogênio(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-06) Alves, Fernanda Breda; Fernandes, Valeria de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323760323729607; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6778333557047744; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-4448; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; Araujo, Micheline Kezia Cordeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-3689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2411893932416218; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; Lubiana, Karoline Magalhaes FerreiraCyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that make up the base of the aquatic food chain. Changes in the physical and chemical conditions of aquatic environments, such as increased nutrients and the presence of agrochemicals, alter the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton. Herbicides contaminate the aquatic environment through surface runoff at high concentrations; these compounds cause oxidative stress, interfere with the normal functioning of enzymes and alter the metabolic profile of microalgae and cyanobacteria. The present study investigated the toxicological and physiological effects of clethodim herbicide, as well as nitrogen variation in allelopathic interactions and toxin production by Microcystis aeruginosa BCCUSP232 and Raphidiopsis raciborskii ITEPA1. Effective concentrations (EC50) after 96 hours of exposure of both strains to clethodim were 192.98 mg / L and 168.73 mg / L for R. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa, respectively. The presence of clethodim significantly increased the total microcystin content of M. aeruginosa. In mixed cultivation M. aeruginosa, presented higher cell density when exposed to clethodim, while the highest density of R. raciborskii was observed when exposed to clethodim with limited nitrogen addition. The total content of microcystins (MCs) in mixed culture was 68% higher in nitrogen-enriched cultures than control. A similar increase in MC content was recorded in M. aeruginosa monocultures treated with R. raciborskii exudate. Total saxitoxin concentration was higher in R. raciborskii mixed cultures simultaneously exposed to high nitrogen and clethodim. The intracellular H2O2 content of M. aeruginosa cultures decreased while in R. raciborskii cultures increased during exposure to nitrogen and clethodim. GST activities in cultures of both strains were higher in the presence of clethodim. Our study revealed that nitrogen enrichment and low clethodim concentration could lead to excessive proliferation of M. aeruginosa and R. raciborskii and cyanotoxin production in aquatic environments
- ItemHerbicida seletivo a partir de extratos de Piper Nigrum L.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-19) Nogueira, Enes Follador; Corte, Viviana Borges; Morais, Leandro Elias; Nascimento, Vitor de Laia; Werner, Elias; França, Hildegardo SeibertThe increase in world demand for food leads to a higher consumption of agrochemicals. In this scenario, Brazil emerges as one of the world's leading consumers of pesticides, especially herbicides (about 45% of total consumption), which are highly harmful to the environment and to human health. In this context, researches have investigated natural products with a more sustainable performance. In this sense, allelopathy is shown as a viable alternative. The objective of this research was to evaluate the allelopathic activity of Piper nigrum L. and piperine alkaloid seeds and leaves extracts on the germination and initial growth of Lactuca sativa L. and Panicum maximum Jacq. For this, the IVG parameters were evaluated; G; TMG; IA; the activity of antioxidant enzymes SOD, CAT and POX; soluble sugars and starch contents and the concentrations of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and carotenoids in seedlings of Panicum maximum Jacq. (guinea grass), submitted to extracts containing piperine, aiming to understand the allelopathic effect of this alkaloid on the weed. Seed extracts of Piper nigrum L., in particular the EAQS800 extract, inhibited germination and initial growth of guinea grass without, however, significantly affecting the germination and initial growth of lettuce. The most abundant allelochemical found in the phytochemical prospecting of the pepper seeds extracts of the kingdom was the piperine alkaloid and, possibly, is the main component responsible for the allelopathic effect of these extracts on the weed. There was a reduction in the concentrations of glucose, fructose and sucrose in the plants exposed to EAQS800, however, a proportional increase of the starch concentration was also observed when compared to the control. There was an increase in the antioxidant activity of the POX enzyme accompanied by a reduction in the activity of the SOD and CAT enzymes, which probably promoted a lignification of the cell walls inhibiting the growth of the grass seedlings submitted to the extracts.
- ItemRelação do fluxo de íons (H+) em raízes com as atividades alelopáticas e mutagênicas do extrato etanólico e da nanodispersão de Mikania glomerata Spreng.(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-19) Barcelos, Monique Ellen Farias; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; França, Hildegardo, Seibert; Wener, Elias Terra; Sena, Geralda Gillian Siva; Delarmelina, Juliana MacedoMikania glomerata Spreng is a very studied species on the ethnopharmacological aspect and production of secondary compounds, such as coumarins. These compounds have been associated with the use of nanoparticles which are used to associate plant-active compounds, that are poorly soluble, increasing the bioavailability of these. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the ionic capacity of the extract and nanodispersion of the content of coumarin (0.001; 0.002; 0.004; 0.008 and 0.016 mg/mL) of Mikania, relating this ability with a potential allelopathic and mutagenic activity in Roots of Lactuca sativa and Allium Cepa. The H + flow was determined in the root elongation zone using selective ion vibratory system. Allelopathic activity was evaluated by the germination test. After its protrusion, the roots were photographed and analyzed in ImageJ software. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, the seeds were germinated on Petri dishes in triplicate and received 5mL of Mikania extract in the same concentrations used for nanodispersion, in addition to the groups: pure Coumarin 0.002 mg/mL (CuP); Positive control methylmethosulfonate at 4x10-4M (MMS)-as positive control-and negative control (distilled water). After root protrusion, slides were made for analysis of the mitotic index and possible chromosomal abnormalities. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and test of averages (p < 0.05). The flow of H +, in the dose-response curve, indicated the concentration of 0.002 mg/mL, being the best concentration for comparison to the other treatments. It was also possible to observe that all treatments promoted inhibition of the H + flow when compared to the negative control. Similarly, it was found in the flow of coumarin content in nanodispersion, in which it was possible to evidence an oscillation, according to the concentrations analyzed. This result may be related to the inhibition of seed germination, abnormal cell differentiation and reduction of plant growth. In the analysis of allelopathic activity, it was observed that Lactuca sativa showed a higher decrease in the percentage of germination and a more expressive increase in the index of Allelpathy, when compared to Allium Cepa, at the concentration of 0, 004mg/mL of coumarin content in the extract. However, for the test with nanodispersion, it was evidenced that, in both testing organisms, there was a significant drop in germination and/or inhibition of germination, when compared to control, providing greater allelopathic activity. As for the mutagenic activity, in continuous treatment, the CuP promoted a greater clastogenic effect, indicating that the isolated coumarin promotes more damage to the plant cell than when associated with other compounds present in the Guaco extract. In the discontinuous treatment of the extract, it was possible to verify that, for 24h, 48h, and for the treatment of recovery, there was a decrease in the mitotic index. In the 24h treatment, the concentration of 0, 001mg/mL had a clastogenic effect when compared to the negative control.