Doutorado em Biologia Animal
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2009
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019).
Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 487/2018, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://cienciasbiologicas.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBAN/detalhes-do-curso?id=56
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- ItemSistemática de Apenesia: abrindo a caixa de Pandora dos Pristocerinae(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-01-13) Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho de; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; Rodrigues, Ana Carolina Loss; Salles, Frederico Falcão; Almeida, Julia Calhau; Kawada, RicardoThe flat wasp Apenesia Westwood is a worldwide genus with high sexual dimorphism. Females are rare, without eyes or ocelli, wingless and small, whereas males are fully winged, robust, with developed eyes and ocelli, and are larger than the conspecific female. There are 191 species described, which are mostly known only by the male sex. Several nomenclatural and taxonomic problems are observed in Apenesia. Besides sexual dimorphism and females’ underrepresentation, the characters delimiting Apenesia are shared by several Pristocerinae genera, making classification uncertain and hampering understanding of character evolution and variation between taxa. Here we aimed 1) to test if Apenesia is monofiletic; 2) to delimit the genus cladisticaly based on morphological and molecular data (COI and 28S genes); 3) to associate males and females; and 4) to review the species of Apenesia, providing descriptions and illustrations when necessary. We analyzed 163 morphological characters in TNT. Bayesian Inference was performed on the concatenated molecular data from 1,553 base pairs of nucleotides through MrBayes. In both analyzes we used a species of Bethylinae for rooting the tree. Apenesia was recovered as polyphyletic with 10 distinct lines associated to morphological patterns. We mapped structural morphological characters from females onto the molecular trees to enlighten female morphological patterns in the groups and to recover morphological evolution. We conclude that females add a set of features that can help genera delimitation. Although historically considered as an easy genus to classify, the structural analyses and phylogenetic inferences report multiple independent lineages within Apenesia species, indicating high convergence within Pristocerinae. Based on our results, some nomenclatural acts need to be proposed: 1) two Pristocerinae genera will be synonymies with Apenesia lines; 2) two taxa need to revalidate their generic status; 3) eight new combinations; and 4) six new genera will be nominated. Apenesia is now defined as flat wasps having males with the mesoscutum gibbous, the genitalia with paramere narrow and densely pilose and aedeagus with ventral apical lobe elliptical and covered in warts. Females of Apenesia can be distinguished from other Pristocerinae by having the head wider than the mesosoma, the antennae is short, the mandible is long, and the clypeus surpasses the toruli in the frons. We also provide a worldwide revision of Apenesia with a redescription of all known species and the description of 21 new species. Finally, our data reinforce the problems to define Apenesia and other genera in Pristocerinae.
- ItemSistemática filogenética de Epyrinae (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae)(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-05-17) Colombo, Wesley Dondoni; Azevedo, Celso Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2423-9388; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5868655333545172; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-4635; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5098517861351467; Amorim, Dalton de Souza; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5224-8276; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4419732039352165; Silva, Taissa Rodrigues Marques da; https://orcid.org/0000000179181358; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9562316044920852; Alencar, Isabel de Conte Carvalho de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5808-7087; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0405928639594404; Silveira, Orlando Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-199X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9654506257169791Epyrinae are the second most diverse subfamily of Bethylidae, with approximately 950 described species and 13 valid genera, of which 12 are extant: Anisepyris Kieffer; Aspidepyris Evans; Bakeriella Kieffer; Calyozina Enderlein; Chlorepyris Kieffer; Disepyris Kieffer; Epyris Westwood; Formosiepyris Terayama; Holepyris Kieffer; Laelius Ashmead; Trachepyris Kieffer and Xenepyris Kieffer; and one is extinct: †Elektroepyris. Epyrinae have a complex taxonomic history and only in the last decade their monophyly has recovered. Due to the difficulty in delimiting Epyrinae, many generic taxa were consequently classified inappropriately. Studies revising the concept of the epyrine genera are necessary and crucial, but they have been neglected due to the difficulty in interpreting morphostructural diversity. As a solution, molecular data has been used to help elucidate the morphostructural impasses. In this dissertation, the diversity of Epyrinae is explored, both alphaxonomically and phylogenetically, through molecular and morphological data, and by reconstructing phylogenetic trees, under different optimization criteria (Maximum Parsimony, Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood). Additionally, the subfamily's paleodiversity was revised and, at the end, the Epyrinae were organized and redefined and the evolution of their lineages discussed. This thesis consists of four chapters, the first three of which aimed to explore and list the morphological and molecular patterns of the Epyrinae, providing data and information for the last chapter, which aimed to test the monophyly of the Epyrinae genera. In Chapter 1, an alpha-taxonomic review of Epyrinae from Papua New Guinea is present, exploring and listing morphological patterns and filling in gaps in Old World taxonomic knowledge. Finally, 39 species were recognized, both morphologically and molecularly, of which 36 are new and described. In Chapter 2, the extinct genus †Elektroepyris was revised and cladistically positioned. Morphological characters were coded, summing up to 69. The caracteres were used to perform Maximum Parsimony reconstruction, including representatives of all subfamilies of Bethylidae, extant or extinct. †Elektroepyris was recovered as a lineage distinct from other subfamilies of Bethylidae and for this reason, a new subfamily, †Elektroepyrinae, was described, based on an autapomorphy of the anterior wing with the third abscissa of the Cu vein. In Chapter 3, the paleodiversity of Epyrinae was reviewed alpha-taxonomically. Thirty extinct species of Epyrinae were recognized, distributed in six genera (Anisepyris, Chlorepyris, Epyris, †Gloxinius, Holepyris and Laelius). A new genus, †Gloxinius, has been proposed for the subfamily to allocate †G. bifossatus and two species were transferred from Epyris to 14 Chlorepyris. Three species were transferred from Epyris to Pristocerinae: †Merascylla is proposed to allocate the species †M. atavellus, and two other species are transferred to Pseudisobrachium. One species is transferred from Epyris to Scleroderminae: †Mael is proposed to allocate the species †M. longiceps. The species †Laelius nudipennis is not a bethylid and has been transferred to Platygastroidea incertae sedis. In Chapter 4, a Bayesian inference analysis was performed to reconstruct a total evidence topology from a matrix with 195 terminal taxa and 3599 characters, containing 232 morphological characters and the genes 16S, 18S, 28S, COI and Cytb. This is the first phylogenetic study that examined all 42 generic names of Epyrinae, including junior synonyms and extinct taxa. The results recovered Anisepyris, Bakeriella, Calyozina, Chlorepyris, Disepyris, Laelius, and Trachepyris as monophyletic and Formosiepyris, Epyris, and Holepyris as polyphyletic. Two new genera are proposed, GenusA to be proposed as gen. nov. and GenusB to be proposed as gen. nov., and six genera were revalidated, five junior synonyms of Epyris and one of Holepyris: Calyoza to be proposed as stat. rev., Dolus to be proposed as stat. rev., Muellerella to be proposed as stat. rev., Psilepyris to be proposed as stat. rev., Rysepyris to be proposed as stat. rev. and Trissepyris to be proposed as stat. rev. In addition, all 962 species of Epyrinae were reviewed via direct observation of the holotype, illustrations, or literature and were distributed over 17 genera: Anisepyris, Aspidepyris, Bakeriella, Calyoza to be proposed as stat. rev., Calyozina, Chlorepyris, Dolus to be proposed as stat. rev., Epyris, GenusA to be proposed as gen. nov., GenusB to be proposed as gen. nov., †Gloxinius, Holepyris, Laelius, Muellerella to be proposed as stat. rev., Psilepyris to be proposed as stat. rev., Rysepyris to be proposed as stat. rev. and Trissepyris to be proposed as stat. rev..