Doutorado em Biologia Vegetal

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17505

Nível: Doutorado
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria MEC Nº 609, de 14/03/2019. Publicação no DOU 18 de março de 2019, seç. 1, p.63 - Parecer CNE/CES nº 14/03/2019, Processo no 23001.000335/2018-51).
Periodicidade de seleção: Anual
Url do curso: https://biologiavegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGBV/detalhes-do-curso?id=99

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Avaliação alelopática, mutagênica e fitoquímica de extratos vegetais de três espécies exóticas invasoras
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-17) Moreira, Schírley Aparecida Costalonga; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; França, Hildegardo Seibert; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; Belcavello, Luciano
Biological contamination is one of the most serious environmental problems nowadays and contributes to the extinction of native species. Studies aimed at understanding the mechanisms of invasion used by alien species are very important in the search for effective solutions to combat these species allelopathy is a promising field of investigation; however, the relationships between allelopathic effects and intracellular changes are rarely established. This study aimed to analyze the phytochemistry of the foliar ethanolic extract of Acacia mangium Willd (forest mangrove), Artocarpus heterophyllus Lam (jackfruit) and Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl (loquat) as well as infer about their allelopathic actions through four test organisms (Lactuca sativa, Allium cepa, Leucaena leucocephala e Urochloa brizantha) and its mutagenic potential using the A. cepa system. In allelopathic assay, seeds of test organisms germinated on Petri dishes covered with filter paper soaked with deionized water (negative control) or four concentration of each extract (1, 5, 10 and 50 mg/mL); were measured the germination index (GI), germination speed index (GSI), allelopathic index (AI), radicles growth speed index (RGSI), germination mean time (GMT), germination mean speed (GMS) and radicles mean length (RML). For mutagenic assay A. cepa seeds were submitted to continuous and discontinuous (acute and chronic) treatments in medium with deionized water, the herbicide trifluralin (1,9 µL/mL) - positive control -or one concentration of extracts and were measured the mitotic index (MI), aneugenic effect index (AEI), clastogenic effect index (CEI) and anomaly index (AI). A. mangium Willd extract presented in its composition saponins, triterpenes and tanins and affected the GI, GSI and AI of L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha; in relation to GMT, L. leucocephala was the only specie affected. The GMS changed only in L. sativa. All species had RML and RGSI modified. The extract shown cytotoxic properties, since it reduced the MI of A. cepa without changed the AEI, AI and CEI. To A. heterophyllus Lam extract, was detected flavonoids, triterpenes and tanins and occurred significant changes in AI and GI to L. sativa, A. cepa e U. brizantha; the GSI was affected in L. sativa e U. brizantha, while GMT reduced in L. leucocephala e U. brizantha. RML and RGSI of all test organisms were altered. Besides reducing the MI, the extract caused an increase in CEI demonstrating that the observed allelopathic effects are reflections of both a cytotoxic and a genotoxic action. In turn, Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl extract shown flavonoids, steroids, saponins and alkaloids in its phytochemical profile and reduced the GI, GSI and AI in L. sativa, A. cepa and U. brizantha. There was a decline in GMS of L. sativa. The extract of Eriobotrya japonica (Thunb.) Lindl presented cytotoxic and mutagenic potentials and affected RML and RGSI of all test organisms. Of the three species tested, Eriobotrya japonica presented potential for the development of a Biological control for other alien species.
Bidens pilosa L.: análises da composição química e atividades biológicas de diferentes populações e condições de cultivo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-06-22) Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Ventura , José Aires; Paula, Flávia de; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah
The use of plants for medicinal purposes, for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases, is one of the oldest forms of medicinal practice of mankind. Bidens pilosa L., Asteraceae, popularly called "picão-preto", is a plant traditionally used for the treatment of hepatitis, cancer, diabetes, among other disorders. It is a plant of therapeutic interest because it is rich in chemical compounds associated with human health. However, chemical compounds can vary, qualitatively and quantitatively, according to numerous factors that reflect on their biological activities. Among the main factors that contribute to the chemical variation of plant extracts is the genetic variability, environmental factors and the extraction process, such as the use of solvents with different polarity, for example. Thus, the present study aimed to: a) evaluate the variability of the hydroalcoholic extract and five fractions (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, butanol and aqueous), from four populations of B. pilosa (Afonso Claudio, Barra de São Francisco, Cariacica and Muniz Freire), using genetic markers (RAPD), phytochemical analyzes (phytochemical prospecting, ESI (-) FT-ICR MS and total content of flavonoids, tannins and phenolics), analyzes of antioxidant activity in vitro (by DPPH? , ABTS?+ ,, chelating activity on Fe+2 and ß-carotene/linoleic acid assays), and in vivo analyzes to evaluate cytotoxicity, anti-cytotoxicity, mutagenicity and antimutagenicity (by micronucleus test in mouse bone marrow). b) evaluate the variability of hydroalcoholic extract of plants submitted to three growth conditions (organic and inorganic fertilizers and the control) and in different phenological stages (vegetative and flowering), through phytochemical, antioxidant and in vivo analyzes (mutagenicity and cytotoxicity of plants in the flowering stage) and growth. The phytochemical analyzes revealed a significant quantitative and qualitative difference between the samples tested, which reflected in variability in their biological activities (antioxidant, t-test, P<0.5). The results suggest that environmental factors were determinant as compared to genetic factors. In vivo assays demonstrated that the plant did not induce cytotoxicity and mutagenicity in all experimental conditions (Tukey, P <0.5) and was able to protect DNA from damage induced by cyclophosphamide in the anti-cytotoxicity and antimutagenicity assays.
Caracterização fisiológica, fitoquímica e de atividades biológicas de plantas medicinais com potencial econômico para produção de fitoterápicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-25) Dutra, Jean Carlos Vencioneck; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Werner, Elias Terra; França Hildegardo Seibert; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo; Kuster, Ricardo Machado
Plants of the Cactaceae and Lamiaceae Family are used by the population as food and in traditional medicine to treat or prevent diseases. The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical composition, antioxidant, cytotoxic, anti-cytotoxic and antiproliferative activities of plant extracts of one plant of the Cactaceae Family and seven plants of the Lamiaceae Family, relating the results obtained to the phenological aspects or variations between species. The fruit and cladodes of Cereus jamacaru (Cactaceae) were collected at vegetative and fruiting stage and the total aerial part of Melissa officinalis, Mentha piperita, Ocimum basilicum, Ocimum selloi, Plecthanthus amboinicus, Plectranthus amboinicus "variegata" and Plectranthus ornatus (Lamiaceae) were collected for the production of hydroalcoholic extracts. Extracts were evaluated by preliminary phytochemical tests; the total content of flavonoids and rosmarinic acid were determined by spectrophotometric and HPLC techniques, respectively; the antioxidant activity was evaluated by the DPPH, ABTS, Fe2+ ion chelation activity and the ßcarotene/linoleic acid system; cytotoxicity and anti-cytotoxicity against cisplatin in human lymphocytes and antiproliferative effects on sarcoma cells 180 in vitro by the MTT assay; and antitumor activity and evaluation of mutagenicity in vivo. The fruit and cladodes of C. jamacaru were effective in promoting anticancer activity in vitro, and cladodes were able to inhibit cytotoxic damage induced by cisplatin in vitro and induced significant tumor reduction in sarcoma-induced rodents in vivo. Investigation on leaf variegation in Plecthanthus amboinicus showed that the variegation, in addition to morphological changes, leads to changes in the chemical composition and biological activity exhibited by this plant, leading to an increase in total flavonoid and rosmarinic acid content, as well as increased in vitro anticancer effects of Plectranthus amboinicus "variegata". The comparison between the other plants of the Lamiaceae Family studied suggests that rosmarinic acid biosynthesis occurs in detriment of flavonoid synthesis, and also suggests that Melissa officinalis and Mentha piperita, plant species with higher rosmarinic acid contente in this study, are more promising as natural antioxidants used to prevent cytotoxic damage and as anticancer agents. These results reinforce the use of these plants as much as food as in traditional medicine and provide information relevant to the development of new drugs.
Caracterização genética, fitoquímica e das atividades biológicas de diferentes populações naturais de Varronia Curassavica Jacq. e Momordica Charantia L. no Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Mota, Mainã Mantovanelli da; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Kuster, Ricardo Machado; Soares,Taís Cristina Bastos; Ventura, José Aires; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie
The medicinal plants have been used for treatment, cure and prevention of diseases for several thousands of years. Varronia curassavica and Momordica charantia are widely exploited plant species for therapeutic purposes. Varronia curassavica Jacq. popularly known as “erva-baleeira”, belongs to the family Cordiaceae and is traditionally used to treat inflammation, in addition it is described by present antibacterial, antifungal, anti-allergic, antitumor, and antioxidant properties. Already the Momordica charantia L. is a species herbaceous belonging to the family Cucurbitaceae commonly known as bitter gourd or bitter melon and in tradicional medicine, it is used for the treatment of diabetes, colics, cancer, among other disorders. The medicinal properties shown by different medicinal plants are due to the secondary metabolites present in the plant. However, genetics and environmental factors, such as soil composition, temperature, rainfall and ultraviolet radiation incidence can affect the concentrations of these chemical components that reflect on their biological activities. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluated the environmental and genetic factors influence on the production of secondary metabolites and the antioxidant, cytotoxic and antiproliferative activity of populations from different regions of Espírito Santo/Brazil of V. curassavica and M. charantia. The results obtained from the analyzes using ISSR molecular markers showed that both V. curassavica and M. charantia species showed a significant similarity between the analyzed populations, probably due to the fact these species possess variety of pollinators insect and seed dispersal animals which facilitated the gene flow. The phytochemical analyzes of V. curassavica revealed a significant quantitative difference between the samples tested, which reflected in variability in their biological antioxidant and antitumoral activities. Results strongly suggest that these variations were caused by environmental rather than genetic factors. The analyzes with the species M. charantia showed there is not a very large variation among the populations related as to their chemical content and biological activity, suggesting that for this plant the geographic location is not determinant for the quantitative and qualitative variation of phenolic compounds. The extract of both species showed a higher selective cytotoxicity in vitro against sarcoma 180, demonstrating that V. curassavica and M. charantia presents therapeutic potential for the development of new drugs. This work are important to help in elucidation optimal conditions for ethnopharmacological use of these medicinal plants.
Diversidade genética de populações de Bidens pilosa e Tithonia diversifolia no Espírito Santo e respostas do metabolismo primário e secundário sob diferentes condições de fertilização e irrigação
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-22) Luz, Anny Carolyne da; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Werner, Elias Terra; Ventura, Jose Aires; Vargas, Sarah Maria; Gonçalves, Rita de Cássia Ribeiro
Bidens pilosa L. and Tithonia diversifolia (Hemsley) A. Gray are plants of the Asteraceae family with distribution in tropical and subtropical regions. They are plants used for various therapeutic purposes, mainly anti-inflammatory, antiseptic, hepratoprotective and prevention of cancer. The plants of this family present a complex chemical defense system, with derived secondary metabolites: phenolic compounds, flavonoids, serquiterpene lactones and polyacetylenes. These compounds have their production and accumulation modified in response to environmental, ontogenetic and also hereditary variations. Thus, it is important to control and standardize all phases involved in the production of phytopharmaceuticals, from the selection of the initial plant material, the conditions of cultivation, post-harvest management and extraction methods of the bioactive compounds to final product. The objectives of this study were to evaluate using RAPD molecular markers, the genetic diversity of different populations of B. pilosa and T. diversifolia. Also analyze how the management of the growth conditions can influence the growth, the photosynthetic parameters, the production of secondary metabolites, the antioxidant and cytotoxic activity of these plants. B. pilosa presented low levels of similarity, indicating that the grouping found is not only related to the geographic proximity, but probably to the dispersion of seeds through of animals and the contamination of species cultivated with B. pilosa seeds, which facilitated the gene flow, enabling the population of distant sites to be grouped in a closer cluster due to their common origin. In the analyzes of T. diversifolia high levels of genetic diversity were found, not positively correlated with the proximity of geographic locations. Although it is often propagated by cuttings, T. diversifolia reproduces sexually, with a large number of seeds and presents an abundant variety of pollinators insects, characteristics that contribute to a greater variability genetic. Regarding the management of the cultivation conditions, in general, the fertilizer applications increased the photosynthesis and the total dry mass for the two species studied. However, the plants that did not receive fertilization had the highest levels of phenolic compounds and higher antioxidant activity, a result related to the lower availability of nitrogen to no fertilized plants. These results indicate that there is an increase in the production of secondary metabolites when liquid photosynthesis decreases, resulting from the positive regulation of the shikimic acid in the pentose phosphate pathway. The species did not show cytotoxic activity in human lymphocytes while decreasing cell viability in sarcoma 180. It is important to standardize the management practices in Asteraceae cultivation in order to achieve high levels of phenolic compounds and biomass, linking the increasing of biological activity efficiency with increased productivity.
Efeitos de diferentes condições físicas e efluentes agrícolas sobre o cultivo de microalgas da família Scenedesmaceae como subsídio à aplicação biotecnológica.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-29) Costa, Adriano Goldner; Fernandes, Valéria de Oliveira; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Dias Junior, Camilo; Lo Monaco, Paola Alfonsa Vieira; Almeida, Stéfano Zorzal de
Microalgae cultivation presents several applications of economic and environmental interest, such as obtaining compounds for human and animal food supplementation, waste water treatment and, more recently, the biofuels production. Studies with the light and temperature manipulation, as well as the use of agricultural effluents as alternative cultivation mediums, can make possible the increase of the microalgal biomass, reducing the production costs. In this study, the effects of different temperature conditions (25ºC, 30ºC and 35ºC) and luminosity (without shading, 50% shading and 70% shading) on the Desmodesmus communis growth and biomass were evaluated. Different agricultural effluents concentrations (residual hydroponic solution of lettuce culture and biodigested swine residue) were also tested as alternative means for the Scenedesmus acuminatus cultivation, in order to evaluate its biotechnological potential, to minimize productive costs and to mitigate environmental impacts. Three treatments with different concentrations of each effluent (20%, 30% and 40% of the hydroponic residue, and 10%, 15% and 20% of the swine effluent) and a control with ASM1 synthetic medium were established. Growth analyzes, dry biomass, a and b chlorophyll, total carotenoids, water soluble protein content, total carbohydrates and lipids, fatty acid methyl esters profile, and nutrient removal percentage and electrical conductivity reduction of the mediums were performed. In the experiments with different temperatures and shading, D. communis showed great tolerance to the variations tested (25-35ºC and up to 50% shading), showing no significant differences between growth parameters, dry biomass and a chlorophyll. However, under shading 70% the microalga presented significant limitation on maximum cell yield, dry mass and chlorophyll. In the tests with the use of residual hydroponic solution and biodigested swine effluent, S. acuminatus acted as an efficient bioremediation agent, significantly reducing the nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations of these residues (68,5-99,8%). The 40% hydroponic effluent culture was characterized by a microalgal biomass rich in proteins (44,2%), a and b chlorophyll (9799 µg.L-1 and 2730 µg.L-1 , respectively), carotenoids (4826 µg.L-1 ), besides fatty acids of great nutritional value, such as linolenic acid (19,5%), suggesting its use as a human and animal food supplement. The microalgae cultivation in swine effluent after biodigestion showed low efficiency in terms of productivity and useful biomass, being unviable to algal growth in concentrations higher than 10% residue. For the two evaluated effluents, the fatty acid methyl esters total content presented low yield (20,1-64,3 mg.g-1 ), which compromises their application in the industry for the biodiesel production. On the other hand, the high carbohydrate content in crops with 20% and 30% hydroponic effluent (44,1 and 34,4%, respectively), suggest its use in the bioethanol production. Based on the results, it was concluded that D. communis showed to be tolerant to variations in light and temperature, showing potential to be cultivated on a larger scale, and S. acuminatus showed high efficiency in the bioremediation of the tested agricultural effluents. In addition, in the cultures with residual hydroponic solution, it was possible to produce a microalgal biomass with great biotechnological potential.
Efeitos do herbicida clethodim (Poquer®) nas interações alelopáticas entre as linhagens produtoras de toxinas de Microcystis aeruginosa e Raphidiopsis raciborskii: o papel da variação de nitrogênio
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-09-06) Alves, Fernanda Breda; Fernandes, Valeria de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323760323729607; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5718-1848; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6778333557047744; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3485-4448; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; Araujo, Micheline Kezia Cordeiro de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5073-3689; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2411893932416218; Corte, Viviana Borges; https://orcid.org/0000000254886578; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3694434981958328; Lubiana, Karoline Magalhaes Ferreira
Cyanobacteria are photosynthetic organisms that make up the base of the aquatic food chain. Changes in the physical and chemical conditions of aquatic environments, such as increased nutrients and the presence of agrochemicals, alter the structure and dynamics of phytoplankton. Herbicides contaminate the aquatic environment through surface runoff at high concentrations; these compounds cause oxidative stress, interfere with the normal functioning of enzymes and alter the metabolic profile of microalgae and cyanobacteria. The present study investigated the toxicological and physiological effects of clethodim herbicide, as well as nitrogen variation in allelopathic interactions and toxin production by Microcystis aeruginosa BCCUSP232 and Raphidiopsis raciborskii ITEPA1. Effective concentrations (EC50) after 96 hours of exposure of both strains to clethodim were 192.98 mg / L and 168.73 mg / L for R. raciborskii and M. aeruginosa, respectively. The presence of clethodim significantly increased the total microcystin content of M. aeruginosa. In mixed cultivation M. aeruginosa, presented higher cell density when exposed to clethodim, while the highest density of R. raciborskii was observed when exposed to clethodim with limited nitrogen addition. The total content of microcystins (MCs) in mixed culture was 68% higher in nitrogen-enriched cultures than control. A similar increase in MC content was recorded in M. aeruginosa monocultures treated with R. raciborskii exudate. Total saxitoxin concentration was higher in R. raciborskii mixed cultures simultaneously exposed to high nitrogen and clethodim. The intracellular H2O2 content of M. aeruginosa cultures decreased while in R. raciborskii cultures increased during exposure to nitrogen and clethodim. GST activities in cultures of both strains were higher in the presence of clethodim. Our study revealed that nitrogen enrichment and low clethodim concentration could lead to excessive proliferation of M. aeruginosa and R. raciborskii and cyanotoxin production in aquatic environments
Influência diversidade genética, de fatores ambientais e da fenologia sobre o metabolismo secundário de Tithonia diversifolia HEMSL (ASTERACEAE).
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-04) Pretti, Irany Rodrigues; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; Falquet, Antelmo Ralph; Cavatt, Paulo Cezar; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; Kuster, Ricardo Machado
Tithonia diversifolia belongs to the Asteraceae family, is native from Mexico and widely distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. It is a plant used in countries of Central America, South America, Africa and Asia for the treatment of diseases as diabetes, malaria, abscesses, bruises, skin infections, gastric ulcer, diarrhea, menstrual cramps and wounds. More than 150 compounds were isolated from T. diversifolia, and their main chemical constituents are sesquiterpene lactones, flavonoids and phenolic compounds derived from trans-cinnamic acid. Secondary metabolites act as a chemical interface between plants and the surrounding environment, so their synthesis is often affected by environmental conditions. The production of secondary metabolites is determined by four main factors: genetic, ontogenic, morphogenetic and environmental. The quality of the phytotherapic product results from the interaction between the conditions of the growth site of the medicinal plants and the genetic characteristics of the population. The objectives of this work were to evaluate the genetic diversity of populations of T. diversifolia through RAPD genetic markers, as well as to analyze the influence of environmental and phenological factors in the production of phenolic compounds, besides the antioxidant, cytotoxic and mutagenic activity of these plants. The results demonstrated high levels of genetic diversity were found, not positively correlated with geographical proximity, and the population of Santa Teresa (ST) presented a lower similarity than the others. T. diversifolia reproduces sexually, with abundant seed production and a great variety of pollinating insects, characteristics that contribute to a greater genetic variability. The levels of phenolic compounds were higher in the ST population at the vegetative stage, as well as, in general, also showed the higher antioxidant activity. Among the environmental factors considered, the temperature seems to act more significantly in the production of phenolic compounds in T. diversifolia. The phytochemical composition of plants may vary significantly during the phenological cycle. Therefore, it is very important to identify and select ideal ontogenic stages, to produce the largest quantities of bioactive compounds and guarantee homogeneity of the quality of the raw material. In general, the highest levels of phenolic compounds were found in the plants collected at the vegetative stage. The extract showed a higher cytotoxic activity on the cancer cell line (S180), which shows that the extract acts differentially in the two cell lines evaluated (S180 and human lymphocytes). This characteristic highlights that T. diversifolia presents therapeutic potential for the development of new drugs. The extract of the investigated plant showed no mutagenic activity in peripheral blood cells of mice. This study indicates that phytochemical and antioxidant variations among populations are influenced by genetic factors and phenological stage, as well as by environmental conditions.
Microalgas em sistemas de piscicultura: aspectos ecofisiológicos e aplicações sustentáveis.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-03-09) Militão, Frederico Pacheco; Fernandes, Valeria de Oliveira; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1968-3927; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2323760323729607; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0010148251489155; Almeida, Stefano Zorzal de; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3680096174839424; Alves, Fernanda Breda; Dutra, Jean Carlos Vencioneck
The present study aims to evaluate the potential of microalgal biomass as a supplement in human and animal nutrition, from species isolated from psiculture tanks. Thus, 10 species, from 9 genera and two different divisions, were selected for biomass increase and laboratory-scale cultivation, isolated from fish farming systems in the Municipality of Registro, São Paulo, Brazil. The cultivation was of the batch type, without direct spraying of CO2, initial pH of 7 ± 0.05 and constant aeration of 3.5 L/min of air. The cultures were performed in quadruplicate in ASM1 (Cyanophyta) and BBM (Chlorophyta) medium, with an initial inoculum of 3.0 x105 Cel/mL-1, with the exception of S. hirsutum, a species with slower growth, which was of 3250 Cell/mL-1. The highest concentrations of total soluble carbohydrates, at the end of the experiment, were found in Chlorococcum sp. (12 mg/g MS), Kirchneriella sp. (11.3 mg/g MS) and M. wesenbergii (11.3 mg/g MS). Chlorococcum sp. also had the highest concentrations of fructose (12.7 mg/g DM), sucrose (16.6 mg/g DM) and starch (934 mg/g DM). S. javanensis (357 mg/g MS), C. pulchra (343 mg/g MS), S. hirsutum (336 mg/g MS), Chlorococcum sp (307 mg/g MS), H. reticulata (306 mg/g MS) g MS), Kirchneriella sp. (304 mg/g MS) and C. vulgaris (303 mg/g MS) did not differ statistically from each other in terms of total soluble protein concentration. Chlorococcum sp., Chlorella vulgaris and Kirchneriella sp., can be considered for use in supplementing animal feed. The high starch content found in the studied species, especially in Scenedesmus sp., Chlorococcum sp. and S. hirsutum, also indicates the potential use of this biomass in the production of bioethanol. The increase in nitrogen and salinity positively affects the accumulation of proteins, while high light intensities favor the synthesis of carbohydrates and lipids. The environmental conditions used in cultivation affect the biochemical composition of cultivated microalgae and the morphological type of the species can influence the adopted metabolic response. The knowledge and manipulation of these parameters, associated with the morphological type of the cultivated microalgae, is an effective way to obtain biomass with greater added, nutritional and commercial value.
Relação do fluxo de íons (H+) em raízes com as atividades alelopáticas e mutagênicas do extrato etanólico e da nanodispersão de Mikania glomerata Spreng.
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-19) Barcelos, Monique Ellen Farias; Batitucci, Maria do Carmo Pimentel; França, Hildegardo, Seibert; Wener, Elias Terra; Sena, Geralda Gillian Siva; Delarmelina, Juliana Macedo
Mikania glomerata Spreng is a very studied species on the ethnopharmacological aspect and production of secondary compounds, such as coumarins. These compounds have been associated with the use of nanoparticles which are used to associate plant-active compounds, that are poorly soluble, increasing the bioavailability of these. Thus, the present study aims to evaluate the ionic capacity of the extract and nanodispersion of the content of coumarin (0.001; 0.002; 0.004; 0.008 and 0.016 mg/mL) of Mikania, relating this ability with a potential allelopathic and mutagenic activity in Roots of Lactuca sativa and Allium Cepa. The H + flow was determined in the root elongation zone using selective ion vibratory system. Allelopathic activity was evaluated by the germination test. After its protrusion, the roots were photographed and analyzed in ImageJ software. To evaluate the mutagenic activity, the seeds were germinated on Petri dishes in triplicate and received 5mL of Mikania extract in the same concentrations used for nanodispersion, in addition to the groups: pure Coumarin 0.002 mg/mL (CuP); Positive control methylmethosulfonate at 4x10-4M (MMS)-as positive control-and negative control (distilled water). After root protrusion, slides were made for analysis of the mitotic index and possible chromosomal abnormalities. The data obtained were submitted to ANOVA and test of averages (p < 0.05). The flow of H +, in the dose-response curve, indicated the concentration of 0.002 mg/mL, being the best concentration for comparison to the other treatments. It was also possible to observe that all treatments promoted inhibition of the H + flow when compared to the negative control. Similarly, it was found in the flow of coumarin content in nanodispersion, in which it was possible to evidence an oscillation, according to the concentrations analyzed. This result may be related to the inhibition of seed germination, abnormal cell differentiation and reduction of plant growth. In the analysis of allelopathic activity, it was observed that Lactuca sativa showed a higher decrease in the percentage of germination and a more expressive increase in the index of Allelpathy, when compared to Allium Cepa, at the concentration of 0, 004mg/mL of coumarin content in the extract. However, for the test with nanodispersion, it was evidenced that, in both testing organisms, there was a significant drop in germination and/or inhibition of germination, when compared to control, providing greater allelopathic activity. As for the mutagenic activity, in continuous treatment, the CuP promoted a greater clastogenic effect, indicating that the isolated coumarin promotes more damage to the plant cell than when associated with other compounds present in the Guaco extract. In the discontinuous treatment of the extract, it was possible to verify that, for 24h, 48h, and for the treatment of recovery, there was a decrease in the mitotic index. In the 24h treatment, the concentration of 0, 001mg/mL had a clastogenic effect when compared to the negative control.

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