Mestrado em Ciências Florestais
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2008
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Ofício N. 39-12/2007/CTC/CCA/CAPES de 31/07/2007 Homologado pelo CNE (Portaria Nº 656 de 22/05/2017) Publicação DOU em 27/07/2017, Seç. 1, Pag. 36.
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Ciências Florestais
Url do curso: https://cienciasflorestais.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFL/detalhes-do-curso?id=1424
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- ItemAlelopatia da samambaia pteridium esculentum (G. Forst.) cockayne em uma floresta estacional semidecidual(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-02-25) Santos, Kezia Catein dos; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; https://orcid.org/0000000169377787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0203797981088640; https://orcid.org/0000000210301216; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000322177846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092; Zorzanelli, João Paulo FernandesThe impact of clearings dominated by Pteridium esculentum (G. forest.) Cockayne in delaying ecological restoration is a worldwide concern because areas invaded by this fern occur in thousands of square kilometers that were previously forested. In conservation units (UCs), such as the National Forest of Pacotuba, where there is an invaded fragment, restoration is of great importance because even small fragments in UCs can harbor high biological diversity, requiring measures to increase the management for the conservation of these species. areas. Therefore, the objective of this work was to evaluate the soil seed bank in the area invaded by P. esculentum, as well as the transposition of the forest seed bank in the presence or absence of fronds of the species. In addition, to analyze whether the fern has an allelopathic effect on native species. The following hypotheses were tested: (i) P. esculentum fronds negatively influence the germination of species from the soil seed bank in the forest nursery; (ii) allelochemicals present in dry fern fronds reduce the richness and number of individuals that germinate in the field; and (iii) higher numbers of Handroanthus heptaphyllus Mattos seeds germinate when irrigated with less concentrated P. esculentum (G. forest.) Cockayne extracts (iv). Experiments were carried out comprising the germination of the seed bank from the soil in the forest nursery and the transposition of the seed bank from the interior of the forest to the area, in 20 plots installed in open gaps. For the allelopathic tests in the laboratory, aqueous extracts of the species were used on H. heptaphyllus seeds. The choice of the species was due to the high availability of viable seeds in the forest nursery. As a result of the germination of the seed bank in the nursery, no individuals of P. esculentum were found, the bank was composed mainly by species of the families Asteraceae and Melastomataceae. The transposition of the seed bank to the invaded area resulted in the germination and growth of a single species, Trema micrantha, which occupied practically all the plots, including the control treatment plots, indicating that the seeds were not taken only with the transposition technique. The average time of germination and the growth of the aerial portion of the individuals of H. heptaphyllus were influenced by the extracts of P. esculentum, however it is necessary that more studies are carried out in order to understand the action of allelochemicals on the germination of seeds of species native.
- ItemAvaliação da regeneração natural em uma floresta estacional semidecidual submontana no sul do estado do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Barreto, Andrêssa Mota Rios; Dias, Henrique Machado; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; Pereira, Miriam Cristina Alvarez Pereirais aims of this study was evaluate the natural regeneration of the shrubby arboreous stratum in a fragment of Submontane Semideciduous forest in the southern state of Espírito Santo, and verify the interaction of vegetation with some environmental variables. The inventory of natural regeneration was developed in the Private Reserves of Natural Patrimony (RPPN) Cafundó in 12 subplots of 1 x 20 m, where three classes of size were delimited on natural regeneration. Individuals were classified according to environmental group and dispersion syndrome. Data analysis included calculations of floristic diversity, evenness, estimated density and frequency of species and floristic similarity between the subplots of natural regeneration and between them and the adult stratum. To evaluate the influence of all the environmental variables (characteristic chemical and physical soil, soil moisture, canopy cover percentage and slope and altitude of the terrain) on community natural regeneration, Correspondence Analysis Canônica- CCA was sampled 678 individuals belonging to 73 species and 24 botanical families. Among the 24 families sampled in this study, Euphorbiaceae was the most representative in abundance and species showing a greater number of individuals were Actinostemon estrellensis and Goniorrhachis marginata. The Sorensen Similarity between natural regeneration and adult tree stratum was only 29%. The most representative ecological groups were the initial and late secondary and secondary zoochory was the predominant dispersion syndrome among species, followed by autochory. The Shannon index (H') was 3.13 nats.ind- ¹ and evenness (J) was 0.72. The environmental variables that showed no redundancy in the CCA were carbon, phosphorus, Slope and canopy coverage, these explained the distribution of species in this fragment. Especially the kind Goniorrhachis marginata, Actinostemon estrellensis and Psychotria carthagenensis who had high correlation with these four environmental variables. Based on the above, it can be concluded that the RPPN Cafundó features a natural regeneration with high diversity and individual density when compared to studies carried out in the same vegetation type and that was little influence of environmental variables regarding the distribution of the regeneration of the species natural in RPPN Cafundó.
- ItemChuva de sementes em Florestas Estacional Semidecidual Submontana, Espirito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-23) Santos, Jaqueline Pêgo Quintino; Dias, Henrique Machado; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; Callegaro, Rafael MarianIn tropical forest ecosystems, studies about ecological aspects are essential for conservation. Among these ecological mechanisms, stands out the importance of seed rain, which is a key component for understand the dynamics of forest populations. In this context, the present study aimed to characterize the seed rain of a fragment, correlating the seed deposition dynamics with the climatic seasonality, floristic, regeneration and ecological attributes of the species, such as: sexual system, pollination syndrome and dispersion and type of fruit. The research was carried out in a fragment of Submontane Semidecidual Seasonal Forest, in the Private Reserve of Natural Patrimony (RPPN) Cafundó, which belongs Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. The seed rain collections occurred in 12 fixed plots during April / 2013 to March / 2016.The three years together totaled 28,482 propagules, belonging to 102 morphospecies and 28 botanical families. It was verified variation in the richness and the intra-annual and interannual abundance of the seed rain in the RPPN-Cafundó. Seed rainfall was highest in the dry period, mainly composed of anemocoric species and was also high at the end of the rainy season, which the zoocoric species were more abundant. The similarity between floristic and seed rain was low, showing that the species of this mechanism can be from other areas. As for the sexual systems of the species registered in the seed rain, these followed the suggested pattern for tropical forests, with 71% hermaphrodite, 16% dioecious and 13% monoic species. The data found throughout the study contribute to understanding how to maintain the biodiversity of a forest environment.
- ItemEstrutura e interação entre vegetação e ambiente de uma floresta ombrófila densa das terras baixas, Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-12-04) Moreau, Julia Siqueira; Silva, Aderbal Gomes; Dias, Henrique Machado; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Caldeira, Marcos Vinícius Winckler; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra deThe objective of this study was to determine the structure and species composition of shrub-tree community of a forest fragment in Lowlands Rain Forest and verify the interaction of vegetation with environmental variables. 24 plots (20 x 20 m) were marked, totaling 0.96 ha, in which were measured every shrub-trees individuals with diameter at breast height = 2.5 cm. In addition, was calculated the percentage of canopy openness through hemispherical photographs and were performed the chemical characterization of the surface soil layer (0-5 cm). The data were correlated with the absolute density of 25 species that had at least 30 individuals (obtained from the phytosociological analysis) through Canonical Correspondence Analysis. 4,585 individuals were recorded and 379 species were identified, distributed in 195 genera and 66 botanical families. The density was 4,604 ind./ha and basal area was 31.88 m²/ha. The Shannon index (H') found in this study was 5.41 and evenness (J) was 0.83, suggesting the high floristic diversity of the fragment and its similarity with preserved areas of Atlantic Forest. The most remarkable species in Importance Value (IV) was Actinostemon klotzschii (Didr.) Pax, mainly due to density and frequency. Were predominant Late Secondary species (51,9%) and zoochoric dispersion (72.3%), indicating that the studied fragment is in good condition. From the Canonical Correspondence Analysis was possible to prove that the variables phosphorus, magnesium, organic matter, nitrogen, potassium and canopy openness influenced the distribution of species on this fragment (p <0.05), especially for Xylopia frutescens Aubl. that showed high correspondence with the percentage of canopy openness and the Actinostemon klotzschii (Didr.) Pax, Chrysophyllum lucentifolium Cronquist, Ecclinusa ramiflora Mart., Eugenia platyphylla O.Berg and Rinorea bahiensis (Moric.) Kuntze that developed in places with less nutrients. Based on the foregoing, it can be concluded that the vegetation has high species richness and the environmental variables influence on the distribution of species of this fragment indicating the possibility of implantation of these species in places with higher exposure to light and low fertility.
- ItemFertilidade, estoque de carbono orgânico do solo e serapilheira em uma Floresta Estacional Semidecidual Submontana(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-24) Delarmelina, William Macedo; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra deThrough the litter production has the process of nutrient cycling, which has great ecological significance, as make a connection between production cycles and decomposition of organic matter, culminating in the main return path of nutrients and organic matter to the ground. This study aimed to characterize soil fertility and estimate the production and litter accumulation, as well as the return of nutrients to the soil of Submontane Seasonal Semideciduous Forest, ES. The study was conducted in a section of forest, located in Cachoeiro de Itapemirim, Espírito Santo. For soil and deposited and accumulated litter sampling, were used twelve plots of equal size (20 x 50 m) demarcated systematically in the forest. To study the chemical and physical properties of the soil as well as the soil stock of organic carbon proceeded the soil sampling at four distinct layers: 0-5 cm, 5-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm. for the sampling of the litter, monthly in each plot five samples were collected of deposited material and twelve samples, randomly, of accumulated litter. The litter produced was separated into fractions leaves/miscellaneous and branches. We determined the concentrations and amounts of nutrients and organic carbon contained in the deposited and accumulated litter, plus the efficiency of nutrient use and litter decomposition rate. The soil of the fragment under study has little acid character with average fertility. The soil layers (0-5 and 5-10 cm) concentrated most of the nutrients available to vegetation due to input and decomposition of the organic material deposited thereon. In general, the interpretation of the principal components were similar for the four ground layers studied. Cluster analysis allowed the identification of four groups of plots based on the results of chemical and physical soil properties. In relation to soil organic carbon in the layer 0-40 cm was found the average total stock of 62.21 Mg ha-1 . The litter produced contributed an average of 7627.71 kg ha-1 yr-1 , with seasonality marked the end of the dry season (July/2013 to September/2013). The order of the efficiency of macronutrients and micronutrients were: P> S> Mg> K> N> Ca and Cu> Zn> B> Fe> Mn, respectively. Calcium is the nutrient found in higher levels in all fractions of the litter. The largest average litter accumulations occurred in April / 2013 (8264.6 kg ha-1 yr-1 ) and September/2013 (7011.3 kg ha-1 yr-1 ), indicating no seasonal pattern in litter accumulation . For the fragment studied the estimated value of the decomposition rate (k) was 1.40. The amount of macro and micronutrients in the accumulated litter followed the following descending order: Ca> N> Mg> K> S> P and Fe> Mn> B> Zn> Cu, respectively. In general, the return of nutrients through the litter is an important route of nutrient cycling in the forest, improving soil fertility, the high quality and diversity of stored nutrients in litter accumulated.
- ItemFlorística e estrutura em ambiente de borda-interior em remanescente de Floresta Ombrófila Densa das Terras Baixas(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-27) Dias, Patrícia Borges; Callegaro, Rafael Marian; Dias, Henrique Machado; Carvalho, Fabrício Alvim; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra deThe Atlantic Forest is one of the most biodiversity-rich environments in the world. Among its phytophysiognomies is the Lowlands Rain Forest, strongly fragmented by the various forms of land use occupation, even inside protected areas. In addition to the reduction of its original area, fragmentation brings with it the edge effect, which influences the ecological processes of the remnants. The objective of this study was to evaluate the floristic composition and the horizontal structure of the woody plant community in the interior and in the edges in contact with different boundaries in a remnant of Lowlands Rain Forest in the Córrego Grande Biological Reserve, Conceição da Barra, ES. For this, we tested the hypothesis that these variations occur along an environmental and biological gradient of change. For vegetation sampling, 36 plots (10 m x 25 m) totaling 0.9 ha were allocated, distributed over two edges with different boundaries (dirt road and forest edge) and inside the remainder. All individuals with breast height diameter = 2.5 cm were measured and identified. The phytosociological parameters, Shannon diversity index and Pielou equability, as well as the Bray-Curtis similarity index and the UPGMA grouping were calculated to verify the similarity between the interior and the edges studied. For the determination of the species that characterize the floristic groupings of the study area, the Analysis of Indicating Species (ISA) was carried out. The percentage of canopy opening was obtained through two hemispherical digital photographs, collected per plot in the months of April and September and analyzed by Gap Ligth Analyzer Mobile app - GLAMA software. The chemical characterization of the soil surface layer (0 - 20 cm) was carried out. The subsamples were collected in five points, distributed at the vertices and inside each plot, and later homogenized resulting in a sample composed of sample unit. For the analysis of density and humidity, three undisturbed samples were collected per plot. Using the penetrometer equipment, the penetration resistance of the soil was calculated by the number of beats collected at five points of each plot until reaching 20 cm depth. To verify the influence of the environmental factors on the vegetation, Redundancy Analysis (RDA) was performed. The remnant presented a great wealth of species in the area, with taxa in categories of extinction risk, besides possible new records for the state. The ReBio interior is more similar to the forest edge. It was observed that the distribution pattern of the species was influenced by the environmental variables (canopy opening, moisture and sodium) and spatial variables, and the first three axes of the RDA explained 42.08% of the variation in the floristic composition of the woody community. The results confirm that some species have environmental preferences in the remnant.
- ItemIndicadores de estágio sucessional em um fragmento florestal de mata atlântica no sul do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-29) Paschoa, Luciana de Souza Lorenzoni; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; Silva, Gilson Fernandes da; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Dias, Henrique MachadoThis study aimed to identify more indicators associated to different successional stages in a forest fragment of Atlantic forest that makes up the the Polo forest fragment Environmental Education the IFES - Campus Alegre (PEAMA). To this end, the forest fragment PEAMA (109,6 ha) was divided into three glebes with different ages fallow: glebe 1 (39,47 ha and 46 years of fallow after selective logging), glebe 2 (26,95 ha and 56 years of fallow after cultivation of coffee) and glebe 3 (20,63 ha and 42 fallow years after the abandonment of pastures). We used the fixed area portion method (20 x 20 m), totaling 19 plots (0,76 ha) systematically distributed in the forest fragment PEAMA being: seven plots on glebe 1, six plots in glebe 2 and six plots in glebe 3. All individual trees with DAP=5 cm were sampled and held phytosociological analysis. The diameter structure was compared between plots using the chi-square test. We calculated the rates of diversity Shannon-Wiener (H'), which was compared between glebes by Jackknife estimate, and Pielou evenness (J). We calculated the Sørensen similarity indices and Morisita Horn between glebes. The species were classified as the guilds and the dispersion syndromes. Other variables were sampled, these being: lianas, vertical coverage of lichens and bryophytes/ pteridophytes, both corticicolous, count of vascular epiphytes and macroscopic fungi and chemical analysis and physical soil at depths of 0-10 and 10-20 cm. The glebes were compared using analysis of variance (ANOVA) and discrimination of means by Tukey test when necessary. For the variables that did not meet the requirements of a parametric test, Kruskal-Wallis test was applied and the means were broken down by the Dunn test. Is sampled, among the arboreal individuals, a total of 1772,4 ind ha-1 belonging to 153 species, 91 genera and 33 botanical families. The glebe 2 had the highest abundance (1912 ind ha-1) and 3 glebe the greatest wealth (93). The IX Fabaceae and Meliaceae families were the richest in the three glebes. The index of Shannon-Wiener (H') was 4,22 for the forest fragment PEAMA and between glebes were statistically equal. The Sørensen similarity index showed greater similarity between the glebes 1 and 3 (0,55) and Morisita Horn index formed the first block between glebes 2 and 3 (0,46). The basal area was 29,02 m2 ha-1 for the forest fragment PEAMA and between plots the values were statistically equal. Registered 3003,95 ind ha-1 lianas in total plots, being in glebe 3 found lower abundance (2101 ind ha-1) and a higher proportion of individuals in the second size class (43,6% 2,5 =DAP <5). Found 294,43 m ha-1 lichens and 39,49 m ha-1 bryophytes/ pteridophytes, both corticicolous. Sampled is 794,7 ind ha-1 of macroscopic fungi in the forest fragment PEAMA. The soil chemical analysis showed a trend towards greater acidity in glebe 2 and physical analysis was statistically equal between the glebes. The variables sampled in this study indicated that the plots are in successional processes similar and thus were no longer associated indicators identified at different successional stages in the forest fragment PEAMA.
- ItemREGENERAÇÃO NATURAL E BANCO DE SEMENTES EM FLORESTA OMBRÓFILA DENSA MONTANA PÓS-INCÊNDIO(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2020-02-20) Mores, Guilherme Jose; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; https://orcid.org/0000000169377787; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0203797981088640; https://orcid.org/0000000295972405; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Abreu, Karla Maria Pedra de; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/; Dias, Henrique Machado; https://orcid.org/0000000322177846; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5565852508873092; Carvalho, Fabricio Alvim; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/Fires are a major cause of habitat loss and biodiversity. Faced with this scenario, the affected areas find it more difficult to resume their functionality. Therefore, it is extremely important to know the mechanisms that will support restoration, as well