Análise espacial da distribuição da comunidade zooplanctônica, com ênfase nas larvas de braquiúros em dois estuários do norte do Espírito Santo
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Data
2024-10-02
Autores
Morais, Luana Souza de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Brachyurans represent the most abundant group of meroplankton, exhibiting a variety of behavioral habits and playing a crucial ecological role as decomposers. Monitoring zooplankton communities is a valuable tool for detecting environmental changes and contributing to biodiversity conservation on a global scale, due to the trophic relevance of this group. Given their abundance, diversity, and short life cycle, zooplankton are considered excellent environmental bioindicators, capable of providing significant information about the health of marine ecosystems. The present study involves sampling zooplanktonic organisms through a 10-minute surface tow using a plankton net (250 µm mesh), in addition to collecting in situ abiotic data during each tow. Ecological indices of diversity, evenness, and richness were calculated, as well as the parameters: density, abundance, and frequency of occurrence by taxon. The results were statistically analyzed using the non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis tests and Spearman’s correlation to assess the significance among samples. The study of the São Mateus River Estuary revealed considerable variations in salinity and conductivity data, related to tidal patterns. Points closer to the estuary's mouth showed higher salinity levels, as expected for this type of estuary, indicating direct marine influence. In contrast, pH and temperature showed little variation. The zooplankton community, predominantly composed of Brachyura, exhibited coastal characteristics, with brachyuran larvae reaching higher diversity at specific points (M7 and F8). The analysis of ecological indices may be explained as a response to the impact of waste from the Fundão dam collapse that reached the mouth of the Doce River, affecting the zooplankton community in the northern coast, as corroborated by Principal Component Analysis coefficients. The study highlights the complexity and importance of considering multiple factors when assessing the environmental quality of the estuary.
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Saúde do estuário , Comunidade zooplanctônica , Variação de salinidade