Substratos alternativos na produção de mudas de jequitibá branco (Cariniana estrellensis)
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Data
2025-03-17
Autores
Amaral, Bruna Chaves
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The application of alternative substrates to improve the seedlings' quality production is an essential strategy to promote in degraded areas restoration and sustainable reause of organic waste from agriculture and livestock activities. The analysis conteined in this project aims to observe the substrates' effectiveness for the production of Cariniana estrellensis (Raddi) Kuntze seedlings, popularly known as white jequitibá. The substrates were produced by mixing organic compounds from regional agricultural waste (coffee straw, corn straw, sugarcane bagasse and coconut fiber) with commercial substrate developed based on pine bark and 5% vermiculite. The study was conducted in the greenhouse at Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (Ifes) - Alegre campus, using a randomized block experimental design (RBD). At this point, thirteen treatments resulting from the combination of 10%, 20% and 30% of alternative substrates with proportions of 70%, 80% and 90% of commercial substrate were evaluated. Each treatment has conducted with 4 replicates, containing 12 seedlings per replicate, totaling 624 seedlings. Were performed physical and chemical substrate's analyses in order to verify the main characteristics of the treatments. Both analyses of the substrate happened to characterize the main properties of the treatments. In addition, the emergence rate (ET), emergence speed index (ESI) and mean emergence time (MTT) were evaluated, as well as measurements of seedling height (H) and stem diameter (SC) at 60, 90, 120 and 150 days after sowing. After 150 days, three seedlings from each replicate were selected for evaluation of morphophysiological parameters, including robustness index (H/SC), chlorophyll content, leaf area, root area, root length and diameter, aerial and root biomass, Dickson quality index (DQI), root ball stability and visual characterization. The statistical analyses employed included principal component analysis (PCA), construction of dendrograms and parametric statistics. When statistically significant differences were identified between treatments, the data were subjected to Dunnett's test, considering a significance level of 5%. The T4 treatment (30% coffee straw) promoted more balanced seedling growth. In contrast, substrates containing coconut fiber compounds resulted in lower development. These results indicate that the use of small portions of alternative substrates may be a promising strategy for the production of high-quality seedlings in nurseries.
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Palavras-chave
Qualidade de mudas florestais , Resíduos agrícolas , Restauração ambiental , Jequitibá-branco , Agricultural residues , Environmental restoration , White jequitibá