Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae e suas funções na qualidade de solos sob pastagens
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Data
2020-03-19
Autores
Giestas, Pedro Henrique Charpinel
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The dominance of degraded pastures in Brazil and the State of Espírito Santo negatively impacts the diversity of organisms and carbon stocks in the soil. Our work aimed at understanding how different levels of degraded pastures and forest fragments affect the diversity and ecological functions performed by dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and what is the relationship of these services on soil quality and attributes related to the organic matter in the Caparaó Capixaba region, south of Espírito Santo and in the laboratory. For the field experiment, 21 sample areas were selected, with seven forest fragments (FFL) and 14 pastures (seven with high level of degradation (PAD) and seven with low level of degradation (PBD)) in the municipalities of Alegre and Guaçuí – ES. In these areas, soil samples were collected at depths of 0 to 10 and 10 to 20 cm, CO2 emission samples, resistance to soil penetration, soil temperature and humidity, and ecosystem functions, richness, abundance and composition of dung beetles were also quantified. In the laboratory experiment, 20 experimental PVC structures were filled with soil and bovine feces and divided in two treatments, one containing an individual of Dichotomius bos (n=10) and another treatment without a beetle (n=10). Among the studied environments, PBD showed higher rates of dung burial (246.96 g ± 24.65) and soil excavation (339.08 g ± 58.81). DBP showed lower means for both functions. Pastures reduced the mean richness (1.90 ± 0.29) and abundance (16.52 ± 7.28) of scarabaeinae compared to FFL, being lower in PADs. We did not find any correlation between the richness and abundance of the beetles with the attributes of soil organic matter studied in the field experiment. In the field, PBD had a higher CO2 emission (2.94 cmol-1 ± 0.29) among the areas. In the laboratory experiment, the treatment with the presence of the beetle increased the content of the soil organic matter attributes. The treatment without a beetle showed a higher CO2 emission (9.44 cmol-1 ± 0.91) in the first hours after the feces entered the system. We conclude that PAD favor the increase in the surface runoff of water due to the low vegetation cover and higher values for resistance to penetration, resulting in erosive processes, inefficiency in carbon mobilization and modify the functioning of the ecosystem, negatively influencing the diversity and ecological functions of dung beetles
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Pastagens degradadas , Funções ecológicas , Fauna edáfica , Degraded pastures , Ecological functions , Edaphic fauna