Uso de técnicas químicas avançadas para caracterização da identidade de méis de abelhas sem ferrão do Espírito Santo
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Data
2025-03-13
Autores
Dias, Lucas Rodrigues de Oliveira
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Stingless bee honey is considered a functional food due to the complex presence of chemical compounds with antioxidant properties. The chemical composition of honey is associated with several factors, such as the bee species, flowering, soil, and storage method. In this sense, this study investigated the chemical composition and antioxidant capacity of honey samples produced by Melipona species from different regions of the state of Espírito Santo - ES, Brazil. A comprehensive chemical characterization of each honey was conducted using advanced techniques, such as Fourier transform mid infrared spectroscopy (FT-MIR), gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), combined with chemometric tools. The flavonoid and total phenolic contents of the honey samples were determined using TPC (total phenolic compounds) and TFC (total flavonoid content) methods. Finally, the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) of each stingless bee honey sample was evaluated using FRAP (ferric reducing antioxidant power), DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), and CRAC (ceric reducing antioxidant capacity) assays. The PCA (principal component analysis) model based on FT-MIR signals showed the separation between the honey samples of Melipona capixaba and Melipona quadrifasciata. Volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected by GC-MS, and the most abundant classes were carboxylic acids, ketones, aldehydes and alcohols. The classification using the PCA model based on partial GC-MS chromatograms allowed the visualization of the clusters of honey samples from Melipona capixaba and Melipona quadrifasciata. Simple phenols such as p-cresol and allyl guaiacol were also identified in the honey. In addition, the TPC and TFC contents had selective correlations with TAC. A high Pearson correlation was observed between TPC and the CRAC antioxidant assay. Thus, chemometrics combined with chemical information obtained from the use of advanced FT-MIR, GC-MS, and NMR techniques; and from TFC and TPC, CRAC, FRAP, and DPPH methods are comprehensive tools that allow tracing an identity aligned with the quality of stingless bee honey from ES.
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Impressão digital espectral , Compostos orgânicos voláteis , Compostos fenólicos totais