Estudo longitudinal de adesão de pacientes iniciantes em terapia antirretroviral: estratégias farmacêuticas entre pessoas vivendo com HIV/AIDS
Nenhuma Miniatura disponível
Data
2022-03-29
Autores
França, Patrícia de Oliveira
Título da Revista
ISSN da Revista
Título de Volume
Editor
Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
To achieve the benefits of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and ensure infection control, it is of utmost importance that patients maintain a degree of adherence to therapy higher than 90%. Thus, the aim of this study was to carry out an epidemiological investigation of the adherence process of HIV/AIDS patients starting ART in 2017. We conducted a longitudinal prospective, quasiexperimental study to evaluate the rate of adherence to ART during a pharmaceutical intervention in the Medication Dispensing Unit of a University Hospital in Vitória, Espírito Santo. The sample consisted of 109 patients who met the predetermined inclusion criteria. It was found that 76.1% of the population was male, 46.8% were brown, 80.7% were single, 33.9% had 12 or more years of schooling, 42.2% were heterosexual, 61.5% used alcohol, 21.1% used drugs and 39.4% were smokers. The average age of patients was 34.7 years (SD = 12.4). Among them, 81.7% started treatment with more than 1000 viral copies/ml and 68.8% with TCD4+ lymphocyte count greater than 350 cells/mm3 . The adherence profile of patients in this study was calculated through medication dispensing profile in the pharmacy and by self-report. It was observed that the mean adherence rate was 93.25% and 93.31% at 12 and 24 months of follow-up. There were 992 sessions of pharmaceutical interventions, of which 43.6% were associated with patient education, 19.7% were related to drug interactions, and 14.4% corresponded to monitoring the patient's clinical evolution. Of all participants, after 24 months of follow-up, 80.8% of them were adherent. We found an association between sociodemographic, behavioural, social and clinical variables and adherence, and identified as the main factors that contributed to non-adherence the illicit drug use [adjusted odds ratio (ajOR=3.9), 95% confidence interval (95% CI= 1.09-13.98) (p= 0.037)], and the difficulty to access to the medicines [ajOR=3.7, 95% CI= 1.15- 11.64 (p= 0.028)]. Pharmaceutical counselling played an important role in all interventions, increasing medication adherence.
Descrição
Palavras-chave
Adesão ao medicamento , Assistência farmacêutica , Agentes antirretrovirais , HIV