AI-based strategies for handover enhancement in visible light communication systems

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dc.contributor.advisor-co1Silva, Jair Adriano Lima
dc.contributor.advisor-co1IDhttps://orcid.org/
dc.contributor.advisor-co1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/3099010533644898
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Wortche, Heinrich
dc.contributor.advisor-co2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2263-0495
dc.contributor.advisor-co2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4357799865954315
dc.contributor.advisor1Rocha, Helder Roberto de Oliveira
dc.contributor.advisor1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-6215-664X
dc.contributor.advisor1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/8801325729735529
dc.contributor.authorCamporez, Higor Araújo Fim
dc.contributor.authorIDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-2197-8588
dc.contributor.authorLatteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/5910374743077555
dc.contributor.referee1Pohl, Alexandre de Almeida Prado
dc.contributor.referee1IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1300-4679
dc.contributor.referee1Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/9118815178885363
dc.contributor.referee2Zanotelli, Tiago
dc.contributor.referee2IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0001-9467-2710
dc.contributor.referee2Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/7490836346926791
dc.contributor.referee3Pontes, Maria José
dc.contributor.referee3IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9009-2425
dc.contributor.referee3Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/4148956242627659
dc.contributor.referee4Ciarelli, Patrick Marques
dc.contributor.referee4IDhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-3177-4028
dc.contributor.referee4Latteshttp://lattes.cnpq.br/1267950518719423
dc.date.accessioned2025-07-08T20:58:46Z
dc.date.available2025-07-08T20:58:46Z
dc.date.issued2025-03-21
dc.description.abstractThe Internet of Things (IoT) growth, particularly applications involving wireless devices, has significantly increased the demand for signal bandwidth. However, Radio Frequency (RF) wire less systems presented a limited spectrum to support massive device connections and suscepti bility to electromagnetic interference. These challenges have increased the interest in exploring alternative solutions to face RF issues while maintaining high data rates, low latency, reliability, and cost efficiency. Advancements in Light Emitting Diode (LED) technology have introduced highly energy-efficient lighting capable of high-speed modulation of light intensity. Thus, these characteristics have driven research into Visible Light Communication (VLC), which can uti lize existing lighting infrastructures for data transmission using a broad and unregulated optical spectrum (≈ 400 THz). Additionally, VLC can also provide physical layer security, low power consumption, high transmission speeds, and immunity to RF electromagnetic interference. Spectral efficiency and high data rates are critical for VLC systems, with Orthogonal Fre quency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) emerging as a robust and spectrally efficient modulation technique for indoor applications. However, nonlinearities introduced by multicarrier signals in LED-based systems can degrade performance. To address these issues, techniques such as Constant-Envelope OFDM (CE-OFDM) have been developed to mitigate Peak-to-Average Power Ratio (PAPR), improving power efficiency and reducing distortions, particularly in high power transmission scenarios. Additionally, VLC faces several challenges, including signal blockage by opaque objects, confinement of signals, and limited Access Point (AP) coverage. Addressing these limitations often requires deploying ultra-dense networks to ensure reliable connectivity across large areas. However, such dense deployments can lead to frequent han dovers, increasing infrastructure costs and complexity. This thesis evaluates the application of larger signal amplitudes despite the LED-nonlinearities to enable data transmission over long distances, evaluating the conventional and constant envelope OFDMperformances. Furthermore, it proposes a ModifiedGeneticAlgorithm(MGA) optimization procedure combined with time series Machine Learning (ML) classifiers to min imize handovers in both a digital twin-based simulation system and experimental VLC setups. The proposed handover scheme considers receiver trajectory information to reduce handover frequency while maintaining system performance within the forward error correction limit. Results demonstrate that a 9.51 Mb/s CE-OFDM system with 16-QAM subcarrier map ping in a 5MHz bandwidth outperformed a conventional OFDM system in terms of efficiency. The application of the CE-OFDM scheme in a 6m VLC link reduced the EVM from 17.5%to 10%, an improvement of approximately 43%. Additionally, the CE-OFDM-based VLC system demonstrated satisfactory performance in an 8 m link when using 4-QAM subcarrier mapping. The proposed handover scheme outperforms a power-based approach, achieving han dover reductions of 42.47% in a MISO simulation environment and up to 48.61% in a MIMO environment. In experimental scenarios with three and four transmitters, the scheme achieved reductions of 46.43% and 45.45%, respectively. These results confirm that the integration of MGAwithMLmodelseffectively minimizes handovers and improves overall VLC system per formance
dc.description.resumoresumo
dc.description.sponsorshipCoordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
dc.formatText
dc.identifier.urihttp://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/19894
dc.languagepor
dc.language.isoen_US
dc.publisherUniversidade Federal do Espírito Santo
dc.publisher.countryBR
dc.publisher.courseDoutorado em Engenharia Elétrica
dc.publisher.departmentCentro Tecnológico
dc.publisher.initialsUFES
dc.publisher.programPrograma de Pós-Graduação em Engenharia Elétrica
dc.rightsopen access
dc.rights.urihttps://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
dc.subjectArtificial intelligence
dc.subjectMeta-heuristics
dc.subjectHandover optimization
dc.subjectVisible light communication
dc.subject.cnpqEngenharia Elétrica
dc.titleAI-based strategies for handover enhancement in visible light communication systems
dc.typedoctoralThesis
foaf.mboxemail@ufes.br
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