Compostos orgânicos e adubação fosfatada na disponibilidade de P para as plantas
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Data
2024-11-18
Autores
Souza, Inês Viana de
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
The addition of organic matter to the soil plays an important role in reducing P adsorption by colloids, especially in tropical agricultural systems where soils have high levels of Fe and Al oxides. In addition, organic matter improves the chemical and biological properties of the soil, increasing the efficiency of phosphate fertilizers. In this context, the study aimed to evaluate the effect of organic compounds applied to the soil on P availability for corn and coffee plants using a conventional phosphate source and an organophosphate. In the first experiment, corn was used as a test plant with two consecutive cultivation cycles, each lasting 30 days. In the second experiment, coffee was used as a test plant, with a cultivation duration of 180 days. Both experiments followed a randomized block design (RBD) with four replications, following a 2 x 2 x 5 factorial scheme, in which the study factors were: two sources of organic compost (poultry manure with cotton residue and coffee straw - EA; cattle manure with coffee straw - EB); two sources of P (monoammonium phosphate - MAP and organophosphate - MAPBIO) and five doses of organic compost (0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 t ha-1), totaling 80 experimental units. In the corn crop, the leaf area (AF), leaf dry matter (MSF), stem dry matter (MSC), aerial part dry matter (MSPA) of the 1st and 2nd crop cycle, available P contents (Mehlich-1 extractors and water) and the contents of P, K, Ca and Mg of corn leaves of the 1st and 2nd cycle were determined. In coffee crops, the variables analyzed were leaf area (LA), leaf dry matter (LDM), plagiotropic + orthotropic branch dry matter (PRDM), aerial part dry matter (APDM) and P, K, Ca and Mg contents in coffee leaves. The results from corn crops showed that the application of different organic compounds (EA and EB) increased the efficiency of phosphate fertilization. In the first crop cycle, the organic compound EA with the conventional phosphate source MAP promoted a similar effect to the organophosphate fertilizer MAPBIO on the growth variables analyzed. In the 2nd crop cycle, the fertilizer MAPBIO with the organic compound EA promoted greater development of AF (1588.47 cm² pot-1), MSF (6.30 g pot-1) and MSPA (9.53 g pot-1), and with the organic compound EB from MSC (2.60 g pot-1) and MSPA (8.04 g pot-1). The maximum dose of 40 t ha-1 of the organic compound EA with the phosphate fertilizers MAP and MAPBIO allowed greater development of the corn plant. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EB with the fertilizers MAP and MABIO had no effect on the morphological variables. The coffee crop experiment concluded that the organic compound EB was more efficient in increasing the efficiency of phosphate fertilization, providing greater initial crop development with the variables AF, MSF, MSRPO and MSPA presenting higher differences of 28.64%, 34.20%, 46.42% and 37.54%, respectively, in relation to the morphological variables with the organic compound EA. The application of organic compounds with the conventional phosphate source MAP promoted similar effects to the fertilizer MAPBIO on the morphological variables evaluated. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EA with the fertilizer MAPBIO had negative effects on the availability of P in the soil and there was no effect of doses when associated with MAP. The increase in the doses of the organic compound EB with the MAP fertilizer provided the greatest development of the morphological variables analyzed at the doses of 23.90 t ha-1 (AF), 23.01 t ha-1 (MSF), 23.76 t ha-1 (MSRPO) and 23.20 t ha-1 (MSPA), with no effect of doses with the MAPBIO fertilizer
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Matéria orgânica , Fertilidade , Nutrição de Plantas , Organic matter , Fertility , Plant nutrition