Uma avaliação experimental da rota de repotenciação baseada em recuperação de calor residual para o condicionamento do ar de combustão em um motor alternativo de grande porte
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Data
2024-12-16
Autores
Fonseca, Francisco Mello
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Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo
Resumo
Internal combustion engines (ICEs) in thermal power plants located in regions with high temperatures and humidity, as is the case for some plants in Brazil, operate under preventive derating to avoid the occurrence of knocking. On the other hand, these engines reject a significant amount of heat to the atmosphere, primarily through exhaust gases, which can be recovered to produce chilled water for cooling and dehumidifying intake air, aiming to increase power generation. A research and development project was conducted to design and install an experimental thermal system to evaluate performance improvements in a generating unit of a thermal power plant. This experimental thermal system was designed, its equipment acquired, installed, and instrumented for testing purposes. The system is composed of an absorption chiller, which recovers heat from the engine’s exhaust gases, a cooling coil for conditioning the engine’s intake air, and a cooling tower to cool the chiller and assist the engine radiator. The described experimental thermal system was installed and coupled to one of the generating units equipped with a Wärtsilä 20V34SG engine, which generates 8.5 MW of electric power, considering the derating conditions caused by the hot and humid climate at the plant site. Two experimental test campaigns were conducted. This dissertation aims to present and discuss the procedures and results of these tests, demonstrating that during the experiments, the maximum average cylinder pressure – one of the engine’s operational safety limits – was reached when the electric power output was 9.6 MW, representing nearly a 13% increase in power. The installed thermal system achieved a specific investment cost with savings of approximately 28% compared to recent investments in new generating sets, demonstrating the economic feasibility of the project.
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Recuperação de calor residual (WHR) , Resfriamento e desumidificação do ar , Avaliação experimental de desempenho