Oceanografia Ambiental

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17530

Programa de Pós-Graduação em Oceanografia Ambiental

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A bifurcação da corrente do Brasil no embaiamento de Tubarão e seu papel na formação de vórtices ciclônicos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-13) Servino, Ricardo Nogueira; Azevedo, José Luiz Lima de; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Rigo, Daniel; Paiva, Afonso de Moraes
The transition region from the east to the southeast Brazilian coast, between 19°S and 21°S, shows remarkable geomorphological features that characterizes a complex shelf-break line. The Abrolhos Banks and the Vitória-Trindade Ridge’s (VTR) seamounts are irregularities that promote influences on the system of western boundary currents in this region, specially to the Brazil Current (BC), inducing its meandering and the developing of eddies locally. Confined by these structures around it, the Tubarão Bight (TB) is a region in front of Vitória (20.3°S; 40.3°W) that shelters cyclonic eddies which formation was investigated in this work as influenced by a bifurcation of the BC in this site. The bifurcation of a geostrophic current is a geophysical process of interaction between a jet and a continental boundary that results in the formation of two secondary jets – one in each direction – and that can be responsible for the developing of eddies inside partially confined oceanic basins (e.g Alboran Sea and Sea of Japan). The occurrence of this process was found inside the TB following the impinging of the BC on its continental slope, identified based on numerical modelling results derived from a high-resolution and refined topography simulation. To the extent of our knowledge, this is the first description of such process in this region. This work’s findings suggest that the secondary jet deflected to the TB’s interior is necessary to the developing and maintenance of two kinds of eddies with different size, duration and date of occurrence. These eddies’ characteristics and the bifurcation’s itself were significantly linked to the flowing pattern of the BC through the VTR’s seamounts.
A correlação da cadeia produtiva da pesca com as comunidades pesqueiras da região costeira do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-08-30) Paz, Micael Lincoln Cardoso; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Zappes, Camilah Antunes; Dadalto, Maria Cristina
A corrente do Brasil no Embaiamento de Tubarão : Oceano Atlântico sudoeste
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-10-17) Martins, Tayná Rosa; Silva, Meyre Pereira da; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Dias Júnior, Camilo
A dinâmica da camada de mistura oceânica da porção Abrolhos-Campos da costa brasileira
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-12-21) Salviato, Júlia Tavares; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Mill, Guilherme Nogueira
The oceanic surface mixed layer is the link by which the ocean and atmosphere are coupled. The characteristics of the mixed layer determine the air-sea fluxes of heat and gases affecting this way the climate. Additionally, biogeochemical cycles and biological productivity are profoundly affected by the mixed layer depth, which controls the amount of nutrient input to the euphotic zone through vertical mixing and entrainment. Improved understanding of these processes depends in some measure on our understanding of mechanisms and dynamics of the mixed layer. Using temperature and salinity from WOA, heat fluxes from OAFlux Project (Objectively Analyzed air-sea Fluxes) and wind stresses from Comprehensive Ocean-Atmosphere Data Set (COADS) the spatial pattern of the seasonal variability of mixed layer in the Abrolhos-Campos region is investigated, as well as the importance relative of heat and momentum fluxes and Ekman pumping to the seasonal heat-budget of the mixed layer. To complement the above analysis and to investigate mixed layer dynamics at suprainertial scale, time series from October 2011 to October 2012of air-sea fluxes and upper ocean response, obtained from PIRATA mooring at 19oS and 34oW were also analyzed. The seasonal cooling and deepening of the mixed layer is driven primarily by heat fluxes with larger contribution from the short wave radiation. By the end of the winter and spring, strong wind stresses are important to maintain the mixed deep. Ekman pumping velocities play only a small role in the upper ocean evolution in the region of study. In general, the results of the analysis of PIRATA time series confirm those from the climatological data sets. Furthermore, spectral analysis of the mixed layer computed from the PIRATA time series revealed a sharp energy peak at about 12 and 24 hours, suggesting the contribution of internal tides to oceanic mixing.
A Plataforma Continental de Abrolhos : contexto paleoambiental, sismoestratigrafia e domínios sedimentares
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-04-27) D’Agostini, Danielle Peron; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Figueiredo Jr, Alberto Garcia de; Baptista Neto, José Antônio; Jovane, Luigi; Moura, Rodrigo Leão de
The Abrolhos shelf is located in the Eastern Brazillian continental margin between the 17ºS and 20ºS parallels. This shelf embraces the biggest and most important reefal complex in the South Atlantic and also the largest rodoliths bank in the World. The complex relation between geomorphology and diversity of bottom faciology has been associated to an interaction of evolutive, antropic, climate and oceanographic factors. The hypothesis of the anteceding paleotopography was tested as a controlling factor of the facies distribution pattern and modern geomorphology, aiming to understand which evolutive processes influenced the formation of the continental shelf. The dataset was acquired in the shelf and slope of the Abrolhos continental margin, including geophysical (bathymetry and seismic), sedimentological (surficial sediments and cores) and seabed imaging data. The results were presented in three chapters: 1) Shelf-slope system response to distinct evolutive processes, with major developing of carbonate constructions in the North region together with a classic slope morphology of tropical carbonate environments. In other way, the South region shows dominance of the siliciclastic sedimentation and sigmoid morphologies for the shelf-slope system; 2) Investigation of the anteceding paleotopographies influences as an indicative of its control over both the drainage systems and the starting flooding location in the shelf, as well as its differentiation of regions with distinct evolutive processes; 3) Presentation of paleoenvironments of the shelf during the post-last glacial maximum transgression, indicating the most humid climate influenced environments along the shelf during this period. The data became relevant in terms of the interaction between the controlling factors in mixed siliciclastic-carbonate environments and its evolution process.
Análise da composição e estrutura interna de rodolitos da Cadeia Vitória-Trindade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-06-19) Menandro, Tarcila Franco; Amado Filho, Gilberto Menezes; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6053-4915; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5734763044971419; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-1134; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2951081353357019; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1783-2607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/6958042160031234; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7470-6642; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9423011006200936; Pereira Filho, Guilherme Henrique; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6078-2241; http://lattes.cnpq.br/1211745530577271; Brasileiro, Poliana Silva; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5520-8907; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3652663799345776; Bahia, Ricardo da Gama; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3274-8008; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3076005225100928
Rodoliths are nodules composed mainly of calcareous algae and other subordinate encrusting organisms (SEO), formed by subsequent overlapping processes of incrustations. The rhodoliths of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain presented as main builders the calcareous algae (genera Sporolithon, Mesophyllum, Lithothamnion, Hydrolithon and Titanoderma) and peyssonneliaceae (genus Peyssonnelia). The main groups of SEO were encrusting foraminifers (Homotrema rubrum, agglutinated foraminifera or encrusting foraminifera), bryozoans, serpulids and cirripids. In rhodoliths where the bioerosion is very high, obliteration of the morphological characters of calcareous algae occurs, and identification at the species level is impossible, making it difficult to characterize the environment since this must be done at the species level. The study of the composition of SEO is an alternative to the study of the algal assemblage in environments with high bioerosion index. The analysis of the composition of SEO was distinct between the seamount and the insular platform indicating local differences in these environments that would be influencing the establishment of organisms. The ichno-assemblage of the Vitória-Trindade Seamount Chain was composed of microperforations and macroperforations of the Entobia type (associated with perforating sponges); Gastrochaenolites (associated with bivalves) and Trypanites (associated with polychaetes and sipunculus worms). The study of the ichno-assemblage identified an environment with low sedimentation rate and low hydrodynamics that allowed the development for long uninterrupted period of bioerosion. The formation of empty spaces by the bioerosion process allows the deposition of sediment that can trap benthic macroforaminifera. In Jaseur the genus Amphistegina was more frequent in both collection sites and in Trindade it was the genus Archaias that presented greater contribution. The large number of perforations due to the intense bioerosion could lead to the collapse of the nodules; however, large rhodoliths were observed (larger diameters with a mean of 17.8 ± 3.8cm for Jaseur 74m, 15.92 ± 2.14cm for Jaseur 66m and of 11.74 ± 1.40cm for Trindade 65m). The filling material of the perforations of the rhodoliths internal structure presented a sedimentary texture and was lithified; integrating the rigid structure inside the nodules. The lithification due to the growth of carbonaceous cement crystals in the empty pores in the internal structure is fundamental for the maintenance of nodule integrity. The lithification of the filling sediment creates new rigid structures within the older inner structure and these become susceptible to new infestations of perforating organisms. The repetition of the processes of perforation, filling, cementation and new perforations replaces the original internal structure (composed mainly by encrusting organisms) by the structure resulting from the repetition of processes (composed of bioclasts and lithified sediment). The present study identified the importance of the integrated study of all components of the internal structure of rhodoliths as the best way to understand the dynamics involved in the development of nodules and as a tool to obtaining solid environmental indicators
Análise da estruturação da paisagem costeira do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-11-28) Cancian, Tobias Betzel; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva
Análise da resposta acústica em sedimentos marinhos
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-13) Menandro, Pedro Smith; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Ayres Neto, Arthur
Submarine geoacoustics helps in understanding the behavior of propagation and attenuation of sound in sediment, providing an information set which assists the major data interpretation approaches. The detection of muddy deposit through high resolution acoustic records is generally easy, usually appearing as free reflection layers. However, this acoustic response depends on the frequency used and other characteristics of the deposit, even of the water column. The dynamics of these muddy layers may have influence in many areas, from engineering and harbor maintenance, to biology and studies of impact on benthic biota. The development of a rapid and efficient mapping method for these deposits seems to be a demand for knowledge advance of the processes involved in the transport, deposition and suspension. Thus, this study has two main approaches divided into two independent studies: i) investigate how the acoustic signal response from different sources changes with the frequency and sediment physical properties (grain size and density), and ii) associate variations observed in the acoustic records with sediment mobility over a tidal cycle. The dataset consists of high-frequency geophysical records ( 3.5, 33 and 210 kHz ) , sediment physical properties, in situ density , hydrodynamics and distribution of suspended particulate matter, which were collected at the North Channel of Amazon River . The first chapter showed that different survey methods at the same area can provide different results. Furthermore, the frequency and density were important properties to understand the relationship between surface sediment and acoustic features. The second chapter was an attempt to evaluate sediment dynamics through acoustic system, and showed that the changes in the processes of sediment transport were recognized by the ADCP and OBS allowing to distinguish the acoustic echo sounder records and to interpret sedimentary dynamic processes.
Aportes de água e nutrientes para o sistema estuarino da Baía De Vitória (ES) : subsídios para a gestão ambiental integrada
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-10-10) Teubner Junior, Fernando Jakes; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Soares, Mário Luiz Gomes; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Rodrigues Neto, Renato
The Vitória Bay Estuarine System - SEBV (42 km2 ) is located in the south central portion of the state of Espírito Santo, part of the municipalities of Vitória, Vila Velha, Cariacica and Serra. The Vitória Bay is the main component of the estuarine system. A set of 10 watersheds (1,925 km2 ), especially the Rio Santa Maria da Vitoria - SMV (1,563.3 km2), drain into the SEBV. The aim of this study was to estimate the hydrological flows and watershed nutrients to the estuarine system and understand the relationships between these flows, the evolution of land use and occupation of the tributary watersheds and the change in water quality of estuary. This information supported the evaluation of existing governance actions and their effectiveness, and to propose improvements. The occupation around the SEBV features a range of environmental and cultural characteristics that often show incompatible. Environmental degradation is confirmed from different studies in SEBV that found contamination of water and sediments by heavy metals, hydrocarbons and enteric microorganisms. The watersheds to SEBV are subject to a large number of grant applications of water resources, and conflicting uses. The SMV watershed is responsible for 80% of hydrological flows that contribute to SEBV. Watersheds comprise two groups: urban and densely populated; and rural with low population density and forests remainings. The estimated emissions of N and P from the watersheds to the SEBV correspond to 10,783.7 and 5,480.4 ton.year-1, respectively, with the SMV watershed responsible for 80 and 89 % of N and P, respectively. The Canal da passage Sul was responsible for smaller contributions, with 1.1 and 0.6 % of the total N and P, respectively. When normalized by area, the higher emissions are associated with the Praia da Costa e Canal waterhed - PC, 20.1 and 5.5 ton.km-².year-1 to N and P, respectively. Anthropogenic sources are responsible for 97 and 99 % of total emissions of N and P, respectively, with livestock activities generating 74.5 % of N and 88.0% of P. Urban expansion occurred in the Grande Vitória Metropolitan Region in the period 1970- 2010 resulted in the loss of natural areas (e.g., forests) and semi-natural (e.g, agriculture and pasture), and increase of urban-industrial areas. The State Government and municipalities have water management in action, together with the watershed committees and different sectors of society. However, the results of governance are not satisfactory, resulting in impairment of environmental quality and availability of water quality and quantity for the maintenance of ecosystem services in watersheds and SEBV. The implemented programs have long delays between their formulation and its implementation, as well as delays in implementation. The low adherence of the population, as well as scarce mentions the integration of fluvial and estuarine continuum, and the lack of knowledge of causeeffect of watersheds flow to the estuary, are factors that compromise the integrated viii management in watersheds and SEBV. The DPSIR proved effective as a method for integrating the results obtained, in order to understand how the morphometric variables, specific flow rate, population density, productive activities, N and P emissions estimates and the development and land use in the watersheds may affect the environmental quality of SEBV, supporting the development of management responses. Agriculture, urbanization and industrialization, water catchment for irrigation and human and industrial consumption were considered the main drivers in watersheds and SEBV, resulting in pressures such as deforestation, increased anthropogenic nutrient loading, dumping of solid waste, sewage and industrial wastewater, water withdrawal, transposition of watersheds and river damming. As management strategies are proposed regulatory, legislative, corrective, compensatory and preventive actions. From the results, it appears that the current situation of environmental quality found in SEBV and watersheds points to an extremely worrying situation, a condition which we do not see changes in the medium term and that has worsened over the past few years. A set of programs running projects a favorable scenario to reverse this situation in the coming years, if they are hired.
Aspectos etnobiológicos e etnoecológicos na pesca artesanal em três municípios do litoral sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-16) Oliveira, Ana Carolina Machado de; Zappes, Camilah Antunes; Braga, Adriane Araújo; Martins, Agnaldo Silva; Preto, Bruno de Lima
This study aims to relate the traditional knowledge of fishermen to the scientific literature, as regards ethnobiological and ethnoecological aspects of decapod crustaceans caught in artisanal fishing on the Southern coast of Espírito Santo. The research was done in Anchieta, Piúma and Marataízes cities, South coast of Espírito Santo, and data collection occurred between September 2016 and February 2017. The ethnografic method used consisted of: 1) participant observation method; 2) semi-structured interviews and questionnaires; 3) snowball method; 4) method of triangulation of results. A total of 92 artisanal fishermen were interviewed, all aged between 18 and 71 years. In Anchieta city the target species of the fishing are the sea-bob shrimp, pink shrimp and white shrimp, and in Piúma and Marataízes only the sea-bob shrimp. The carcinofauna, captured in the three municipalities, is composed mainly of crabs and swimming crabs. The fishermen demonstrated knowledge about the biology of the species of crustaceans captured, differentiating the juvenile stages of the adults, as well as an occurrence of sexual dimorphism, once they recognize the copulatory organ of male shrimps (petasma) and in the females the presence of a greenish color in the dorsal region characterized by ovary development. In crabs and swimming crabs, the respondents reported that the shape of the abdomen is different between the sexes. The habitat of decapod species has also been described. Fishermen considered crustaceans to be important for the environment because: 1) they play roles in the dynamics of the marine community, in the food chain and in the processes of organic matter cycling and energy flow; 2) are important for consumption; and 3) are used for bait and comercialization. When questioned about the fisheries closure season, fishermen consider important but incorrect for the region, which indicates the need of greater dialogue between enforcement agencies and fishing communities. The information of this research corroborates with the literatura and can function as a tool for the management of fishery resources, and on the decrease of the impact on the populations of the target species and fauna by-catch, aiming at the sustainability of fishing and the valuing of coastal communities of Southern Southern coast of Espírito Santo.
Aspectos fisiográficos, sedimentológicos e estruturais do fundo marinho em uma área da porção central da bacia do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-12-17) Tschiedel, Flávio Eduardo; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Silva, Cleverson Guizan; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva
The development of industrial activity in the state of Espírito Santo (Brazil) in recent years has been highlighted in offshore regions. The government agency that controls the activities of oil exploration and production in sedimentary basins in Brazil requires, for activities offshore, the geological knowledge of the seabed as well as geological structures related to it that may cause geological and environmental risk in the future. Engineering works in these areas are related to the development of the activity of exploration and production of oil primarily. The lack of knowledge of buried geological features and geological aspects of the seabed may hinder or impede the execution of projects in this activity due to unforeseen peculiarities. This work includes the identification of physiographic features of the seabed in the Continental Shelf and Slope areas in the Espírito Santo sedimentary basin. The area is about 45km away from the coast, adjacent the Doce River mouth. In order to reach the target, this study uses various analysis tools (2D and 3D seismic, high resolution seismic, seabed samples and wells) aiming at identifying seabed characteristics, involving structural and sedimentological aspects. It also presents a brief discussion about the applicability of the use of geophysical methods in this study, and a comparison of the uses of geophysical methods and their ability to identify the physiographic features of the seabed in the area of this project. At the end a predictive map of physiographic characteristics of the seabed is presented, identifying areas of salt influence and geological faults, channels and others. The area was subdivided into three regions, taking into account the predominance of physiographic features and geological risks they present.
Aspectos meteo-oceanográficos associados com a concentração de clorofila-a ao longo da cadeia Vitória-Trindade
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-04-25) Lemos, Angelo Teixeira; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Dias Júnior, Camilo; Silva, Meyre Pereira da; Cirano, Mauro; Ciotti, Áurea Maria
Avaliação ambiental integrada como subsídio ao manejo lacustre (estudo de caso : Lagoa Juparanã, ES)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-10-11) Martins, Fabíola Chrystian Oliveira; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Ghisolfi, Renato David; Tognella, Mônica Maria Pereira; Carvalho, Carlos Eduardo Veiga de; Pedrosa, Paulo
Avaliação do estado trófico de um sistema estuarino tropical a partir do índice trófico TRIX
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-27) Bertoldi, Larissa; Barosso, Gilberto Fonseca; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Dias Junior, Camilo; Chícharo, Luis Manuel Zambujal
The estuarine ecosystem is located in the interface continent - ocean, with hydrodynamic, morphological, biological and sedimentary characteristics influenced by freshwater discharge from the drainage basin, and oceanographic processes. The Piraquê–açu and Piraquê–Mirim’s Estuarine System (SEPAPM) (7,48 km2), located in the district of Santa Cruz (Aracruz, ES), is predominantly situated in the valleys of Formação Barreiras. The SEPAPM has great importance, providing many goods and services to the local economy, as well as having a predominantly natural setting with no history of significant dredging and engineering works. Thus, is necessary to investigate it characteristics understanding the ecological processes to contribute to coastal zone management. Therefore, this study aimed to assess the trophic conditions of SEPAPM through environmental variables chlorophyll a, total phosphorus (TP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN), percentage of oxygen combined into a Trophic State Index (TRIX). Influence of river discharge were considered on TRIX. Samples were taken at 10 sampling stations in the rainy and dry periods of 2012. Point data variables were interpolated in Geographic Information System - GIS using the Spline method. As a result, the trophic condition of SEPAPM show eutrophic trends (TRIX > 6). The SEPAPM showed significant spatial variation of chlorophyll a and salinity in the rainy season and percentage of oxygen and salinity in the dry season; Significant temporal variation of TP, dissolved inorganic nitrogen, oxygen percentage and salinity. There was a negative significant correlation using the Spearman test between chlorophyll a and salinity (dry and rainy), chlorophyll a and flow (dry), TP and salinity (dry), NID and percent oxygen (dry), TRIX and percent oxygen (dry), salinity and flow (dry and rainy) chlorophyll a and oxygen percentage (rainy), TF and NID (rainy) and TRIX and TP (rainy). There was a significant positive correlation for percentage of oxygen and chlorophyll a (dry), TRIX and NID (dry and rainy), oxygen percentage and flow (rainy), salinity and TRIX (rainy) and TP and flow (rainy). This work appears as a management tool for the steering committee of the North Coast Regional Hydrographic Center.
Avaliação do ITS1 e do ITS2 como barcode para Calanoida (Crustacea, Copepoda) marinhos e como marcador complementar para filogenia do grupo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-06-06) Rocha, Gustavo Martins; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Farro, Ana Paula Cazerta; Milstein, Daniela
Calanoida is the most abundant copepod Order in the world, having recognized ecological and scientific importance. But the accurate morphological taxonomic identification of this animal group is not simple, requiring years of experience and practice, especially when working with specimens in larval and juvenile stages. Thereat, molecular identification through DNA barcode is an important tool for assistance the identification of these organisms on the species taxonomic level. The mitochondrial marker Cytocromo Oxydase I (COI) is considered standard for molecular identification of most animal groups, but it doesn’t seems as efficient for calanoid copepods. This study aimed to test the two subunits of the nuclear molecular marker Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS1 and ITS2) as a barcode for this animal group. We tried to sequence ITS1, ITS2 and COI from 105 individuals representing 14 families of Calanoida. Sequencing success rates of nuclear markers were much higher than those from COI (98%, 91% and 34%, respectively). In addition, it was found a gap between intraspecific and interspecific genetic distances for the nuclear molecular markers that allow grouping 100% of the sampled individual’s sequences with other individuals’ from the same species in monophyletic clades for ITS2 and with one exception for ITS1. Phylogeny of Calanoida, based on ITS1-ITS2-COI concatenated sequences, proved to be congruent with what has already been established in relation to the evolutionary relationships of species in the group. Despite the need for additional studies to confirm the patterns found here, we can conclude, based in our results, that both ITS1 and ITS2 are molecular markers that are easy sequenced and have enough variation to be used for DNA barcoding of marine calanoids.
Bivalves filtradores e a regulação da eutrofização estuarina : biofiltração por Crassostrea rhizophorae da seção norte do sistema estuarino da Baía de Vitória-ES, Brasil
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-07) Leite, Thayana de Alencar; Chícharo, Luís; Barroso, Gilberto Fonseca; Fernandes, Luis Fernando Loureiro; Tognella, Monica Maria Pereira; Matsumoto, Silvia Tamie; Pinto, Taciana Kramer
The mangrove oyster (Crassostrea rhizophorae) is an important species for regulating the eutrophication of tropical estuarine ecosystems through the filtration capacity of the seashore to which it is exposed through the preferential ingestion of nano-phytoplanktonic particles. The biofiltration can be measured by the clearance rate (CR), that is, the volume of water that is filtered per unit of time, and can be applied from several methods, with emphasis on in situ biodegradation methods (CRbd) and of continuous flow in the laboratory (CRfc). The efficacy of the mangrove oyster filtration depends primarily on the availability of organic matter as well as biophysics to environmental conditions (e.g., salinity). In this context, the objective of the thesis was to analyze the ecosystem service for regulation of eutrophication (i.e., removal of organic seston) in the North Section of the Estuary System of the Bay of Vitoria - NSVBES. The NSVBES covers an area and volume of 10 km2 and 2.5x107 m 3 , respectively, whose average depth is less than 3 m. In the SNSEBV, the average residence time is 35 days, under a medium and semi-stratified euhalin condition, with total and organic seston concentrations, on average of 14.9 and 15.8 mg.L-1 , respectively. In this scenario, the CRbd of C. rhizophorae is 1.56 L.g-1 .h-1 . The CRbd by biomass in the NSVBES mangrove (3.77x105 kg.km-2 ) is 7.07x109 L.kg-1 .dia-1 , corresponding to a daily regulation of 28% of the estuarine volume. The economic value attributed to removal of organic seston, conversion of chlorophyll a to nitrogen, is US$ 298,327.22. The economic value of the ecosystem service of eutrophication regulation can act as monetary justification in environmental management for the conservation of estuarine natural resources. We emphasize the ecological importance of C. rhizophorae and needs to guarantee the effectiveness of the regulation service of estuarine eutrophication.
Caracterização da circulação e balanço do material particulado em suspensão (MPS) na desembocadura da baía de Vitória/ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-03-28) Garonce, Flávia Acypreste Alfredo; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Guerra, Josefa Varela; Ghisolfi, Renato David
Understanding estuarine dynamics is an extremely arduous task due to the numerous variables that can influence the system, such as tide, river flow, wind, morphology, among others. However, such studies are necessary due to the large use of this environment for navigation, creation of ports, fisheries, tourism, and a range of goods and services it provides. Thus, this study aimed to contribute to the knowledge of hydrodynamics and flow properties (SPM and salt) in the mouth of the estuary of the Bay of Vitoria. For this purpose measurements were made in four tidal cycles, two in spring tides and two in the neap tides, with seasonal variations between summer (rainy season) and winter (dry season), salinity and temperature with a CTD (OBS 3A) currents with a ADCP (River Surveyor). For the analysis of SPM water samples were collected. This water samples were filtered to obtain the concentrations thereof. From our analysis, this section of the estuary was classified according to the diagram Hansen and Hattray (1966) as the type 1a in springs tide and 2b in neap tide during dry season and 2b in neap tide rainy season. This corroborates the findings using Richardson layer number where the highest values were found during the neap tide rainy, it was the cycle that showed greater stratification. Although there were variations between the dry and rainy season tides was the main forcing controlling hydrodynamic processes in the estuary. Salt and MPS, there were predominantly imported, except for the spring rainy cycle, were exported SPM. In addition, the dynamics of the suspended material showed a nonconservative behavior, with no association with the current processes although lags interfere in the transport, it may be observed due to residual tidal currents (asymmetry tide) is mainly toward the sea. Furthermore, it was realized that the tide was the most active in providing through the suspension of the bottom, and the process of tidal pumping that allowed transport into the estuary.
Caracterização de habitats em áreas de proteção marinha através de imageamento com veículo de operação remota (ROV)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-03-21) Silva, Diego Bezerra de Melo e; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Maia, Luís Parente
Studies of characterization of benthic communities and habitats are of paramount importance in the elaboration of management plans and in the preservation of marine biodiversity, especially in areas of marine protection, regions considered of relevant ecological interest. At the Santa Cruz Wildlife Refuge (RVS) and the Environmental Protection Area (APA) in the state of Espirito Santo, there are several potentially anthropogenic activities that cause impacts, such as fishing activity and exploration and production of oil and gas occurring near the region. The objective of this study was to characterize the main habitats in the region of the RVS of Santa Cruz and the APA Costa das Algas, using remotely operated vehicle (ROV) imaging techniques and its correlation with the sedimentological material. The records were obtained through 50 collection stations distributed along the continental shelf, from the 10 m isobath. Five habitats were identified and described as Terrestrial Sands, Carboniferous Gravels, Rodoliths and Gravels, Reefs and Rodolites and Laterites (Hardground), refining the level of knowledge in relation to that already existing in past and more regional studies of the study area. It was possible to identify a greater abundance in the habitat described as Reefs and Rodolites, located in the deeper portion of the APA Costa das Algas, having as opposite the Terrestrial Sands habitat, mostly comprising at the RVS of Santa Cruz. The method used proved to be satisfactory for this type of characterization, which can be replicated in studies of more sensitive areas. The results obtained in the present study will be able to subsidize the managing organ of the two protected areas in the elaboration of their respective management plans.
Caracterização e distribuição dos minerais pesados ao longo da plataforma continental do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-05-29) Costa Junior, Adeildo de Assis; Turbay, Caio Vinícius Gabrig; Quaresma, Valéria da Silva; Bastos, Alex Cardoso; Ferreira Júnior, Paulo Dias
The heavy minerals have a density greater than 2,8 g/cm3 , upper to that of quartz (2,65 g/ cm3 ) and appear as accessory minerals in sedimentary, igneous and metamorphic rocks. The heavy minerals were used as a tool to better understand the past and present sedimentary processes of the Continental Shelf of Espírito Santo (CSES). The study area was subdivided into 3 sectores: Paleovalley Shelf, Doceriver Shelf and Abrolhos Shelf. The sediments found in the CSES are siliciclastic, biodetritic and mixed distributed in a peculiar manner respecting the different sedimentological characteristics governed by accommodation and supply regimes. Fifteen different species of heavy minerals were identified in the CSES: Ilmenite, limonite, sillimanite, zircon, tourmaline, epidote, monazite, hematite, magnetite, grenade, staourolite, rutile, titanite, andaluzita and kyanite. The deposits of heavy minerals with higher concentrations are found in the Doce river Shelf and Abrolhos Shelf, presenting values of maximum content of 3,6%. ZTR index values (zircon, tourmaline and rutile) associated with the interpretation of bathymetric profiles and geological knowledge on CSES have led us to believe that the most expressive heavy mineral deposits are composed of relict sediments possibly from past river transport associated with the relative lowering of sea level in the Late Quaternary.
Composição e estrutura da comunidade zooplanctônica de um estuário tropical (Espírito Santo, Brasil)
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2010-03-12) Nunes, Rafaela Aliprandi; Fernandes, Luiz Fernando Loureiro; Dias Junior, Camilo; Bonecker, Sergio Luiz Costa
With the aim to analyze the zooplankton community structure at the Piraquêaçu/ Piraquê-mirim Rivers Estuary, regarding their temporal and spatial variations and tidal, monthly sampling between May 2008 and April 2009 were performed, during the neap and spring tides, in four sampling locations. A total of 64 taxons were identified, with Arthropoda being the most representative with 47 taxons. The most abundant species (88.32% of the total samples) were the copepods Acartia lilljeborgi, Temora turbinata, Parvocalanus crassirostris, Oithona oswaldocruzi, Oithona oculata, Euterpina acutifrons, Paracalanus parvus, Brachyura larvae, Cirripedia (cypris and nauplius) and Gastropoda larvae. Average total abundance presented a defined seasonal and spatial pattern, with higher values during the raining period and at the inner estuary stations, however, no pattern related to tidal fluctuation was observed. Species richness did not show a temporal pattern related to tidal fluctuations, however, a spatial pattern was observed, with higher values closer to the estuary entrance. Diveristy and equitabilty did not present either a temporal or spatial pattern, nor in relation to tides. The Piraquê-açú/Piraquê-mirim river estuary is strongly influenced by the rainfall regime. Variability of the environmental conditions, however, caused alterations in the zooplankton composition, temporal and spatial distributions in this estuary.

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