Mestrado em Doenças Infecciosas

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17579

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Análise histopatológica e imuno-histoquímica da erupção papular prurítica associada ao vírus da imunodeficiência humana
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2012-06-22) Tozzi, Brunela Bastos; Deps, Patrícia Duarte; Oliveira, Norma Suely; Miranda, Angélica Espinosa Barbosa
Introduction: Papular pruritic eruption (PPE) is characterized by the presence of pruritic erythematous papules as chronic disease that affects oftenly seropositive patients. The lesions are seen in different stages, preferably in the trunk and extremities, and end with post inflammatory hyperpigmentation and / or scars resulting from scratching. Objectives: To evaluate the hitopathological and immunohistochemical features of the PPE. Methods: The study enrolled HIV-positive patients with clinical diagnosis of PPE carried out at University Hospital Cassiano Antonio Moraes of the Federal University of Espirito Santo in Vitória, ES. Patients were dermatological examinated and skin lesions photographed. Skin biopsies were obtained to evaluate the histopathological and immunohistochemical features. Results: Thirty-nine patients with EPP were biopsied, 17 were women and 22 men, mean age was 40.2 years ranging from 25 to 63 years. Among the histopathological biopsies, 6 patterns were found and these often: 1) dermal perivascular inflammatory infiltrate, 2) inflammatory infiltrate affecting the follicular unit; 3) interstitial inflammatory infiltrate, 4) inflammatory infiltrate in the subcutaneous tissue, 5) inflammatory infiltrate affecting at least one nerve, 6) signal of the scratching in the epidermis. About immunohistochemistry features, Langerhans cells are found in normal amounts in the epidermis and relatively increased in dermal inflammatory infiltrate. There are predominantly CD8 + T lymphocyte and macrophages in the inflammatory infiltrate compared with CD4 + T lymphocytes. No microorganisms were found using the Ziehl-Neelsen staining and Grocott. Conclusions: It was identified six patterns present in biopsy, in order to obtain a set of histopathologic and immunohistochemical to describe and characterize the PPE histopathological diagnosis. The dermal perivascular inflammatory infiltrate is essential for diagnosis, and other tissue alterations are not mandatory that may be present together or separately, at different stages of the skin lesions.
Fatores associados à transmissão vertical da infecção pelo HIV e manifestações clínicas em crianças notificadas no Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória, 2005-2008
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-06-28) Dias, Carolina Frizzera; Moreira-Silva, Sandra Fagundes; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa; Silva, Rita Elizabeth Checon de Freitas; Abreu, Thalita Fernandes de
Introduction: The main indicator of monitoring the reduction on HIV infection in children is the incidence rate of AIDS incidence in children under five years ols. Objectives: Describe the profile of children exposed to HIV attending the reference center for AIDS in chldren at The Hospital Infantil Nossa Senhora da Glória (HINSG) and determine the vertical transmission rate and clinical signs and simptoms among the infected ones. Methods: Descriptive study in children exposed to HIV infection by vertical transmission attending a pediatric public hospital in Vitoria (ES) from January 2005 to December 2008. A questionnaire including epidemiological and clinical data of mother and child was applyed. Associations between HIV positive and negative cases were tested using chi-square test. Odds Ratio and confidence intervals were calculated and multivariate logistic regression was used. Results: Two hundred and twenty-one children (97.8%) were exposed to HIV during pregnancy or childbirth. A total of 47 (21.3%) children were diagnosed with AIDS; 25 (53.2%) have already entered service with the diagnosis and 22 (44.8%) became positive during follow-up. A frequencia de infecção de HIV foi de 21,3% (IC 95% 15,9%-26,7%). One hundred and ninety-three (87.3%) children were admitted in the hospital in their first year of life, 51.1% vs. 97.1% (p <0.001), when comparing AIDS cases with those with negative serology. The frequency of HIV infection was 21.3% (IC 95% 15.9%-26.7%). Regarding children s mothers included in the study, diagnosis of HIV infection was performed before pregnancy in 97 (43.3%) cases, in 56 (25.0%) during the prenatal period, and in 59 (26,4%) at birth or after delivery. In 12 cases (5.4%), mode of maternal diagnosis was unknown. Among factors independently associated with vertical transmission of HIV: having entered the service before the first year of life [OR = 0.08 (0.17 to 0.37)], be alive [OR = 0.12 (0, 31 to 0.47)] and have received complet prophylaxis [OR = 0.29 (0.09 to 0.97)] were protective factors while being born by vaginal delivery [OR = 4.45 (1.47 - 13.47)] was a risk factor for HIV infection. Regarding clinical symptms in children, the most common was anemia for more than 30 days (65.9%), followed by wasting syndrome (59.6%) and bacterial meningitis, pneumonia or sepsis (57.4%). Sixteen children (32% of cases) were classified in category C3, the most serious of all. Conclusions: The results showed high frequency of HIV in children. Received the omplet prophylaxis and joining the service less than one year of life were protectors factors. Being born through vaginal delivery was risk factor for transmission. Most children had moderate to severe manifestations of AIDS, demonstrating importance of constant monitoring of prophylactic measures for mother and child for controling HIV among children.
Frequência de dermatoses infecciosas e perfil etiológico das micoses cutâneas em pacientes infectados pelo HIV atendidos em hospital de Vitória-ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2013-08-12) Brezinscki, Marisa Simon; Araujo, Mariceli Lamas; Pinto Neto, Lauro Ferreira da Silva; Falqueto, Aloísio
Introduction: Skin infectious diseases of fungal, bacterial and viral etiology are frequent in HIV-infected patients. HIV infection may change the epidemiology of infectious diseases, leading to atypical manifestations Objectives: 1 Determine the etiologic agents and the more frequent clinical forms of mycoses in HIV infected patients. 2 - Correlate the occurrence of mycoses with CD4 s levels and viral load. 3-Evaluate the frequency of bacterial and viral skin diseases. Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study, which evaluated 86 patients with HIV infection. Sociodemographic and laboratory data collection, dermatological examination were performed and when necessary, scraping the lesion for direct microscopy and fungal culture, if necessary. Results: The mean age was 44.02 (± 12.17) years, 66.3% were men, and the gender ratio 1.97 men: 1 woman. The average time of diagnosis of HIV infection o was 5.59 years. Injuries caused by fungi, bacteria or viruses in keratinized tissues were observed in 58,14% of the patients (39.53% fungal, 18.6% bacterial and 10.46% viral). Onychomycosis was the most common mycoses, and Candida spp. the most frequent agent in these cases. Trichophyton rubrum was the most frequently isolated agent in the whole sample. Patients with CD4 levels less than 50 cells / uL and viral load greater than 50,000 copies / mL had more mycoses. Viral wart was the most frequent viral skin disease and folliculitis was the most frequent bacterial disease. Conclusions: The etiology of superficial mycoses in HIV patients did not differ from those found in the population immunocompetent. However, in some cases, fungal infections manifested in subtle form, with little inflammatory reaction or with more severe and extensive clinical aspects than those usually observed. The higher frequency of cutaneous mycosis was observed in patients with more advanced degrees of immunosuppression
Prevalência de DST, padrão de comportamento e aspectos relacionados à saúde reprodutiva das mulheres atendidas em unidade básica de saúde em Vitória, ES
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2005-09-05) Barcelos, Mara Rejane Barroso; Vargas, Paulo Roberto Merçon de; Miranda, Angelica Espinosa Barbosa; Maciel, Ethel Leonor Noia; Passos, Mauro Romero Leal
Introduction: Preventive measures and assistance for women are important for public health. The risks associated with women s health include pregnancy and higher rate of contracting STD, including AIDS. Objectives: To describe STD prevalence, behavior profile and reproductive health aspects of women attended in a basic unit of health of Vitoria Municipality, Brazil. Methods: Cross-sectional study from July 2003 to March 2004 in an area assisted by Family Health Program. The study was performed among women, 15 to 49 years old. A face-to-face interview with sociodemographic, clinical and behavioral data was performed. A blood sample was collected for HIV, HBV, HCV and syphilis tests; genital specimens were collected for Pap smear, Gram stain and culture, and a sample of urine was collected for PCR-Chlamydia tracomatis. The statistical analysis used descriptive methods and multivariate methods. This study was submitted and approved by Ethics committee from Federal University of Espírito Santo State. Results: During the study, 300 women were included. Median age was 30.0 (interquartile range (IQR) 24; 38) years old; mean age of the first intercourse was 17.3 (SD 3.6) years and mean age of first pregnancy was 19.2 (SD 3.9) years. About 70% of them had up to 8 years of education; 5.0% reported previous STD; 8.0% illicit drug use and 11.0% rape. Only 23.7% reported consistent condom use. Clinical problems reported: genital ulcer (3.0%); dysuria (7.7%); vaginal discharge (46.6%); itching (20.0%) and pelvic pain (18,0%). Previous HIV test was reported by 46.3% and 15.3% had never been submitted of Pap smear. The prevalence of infections were: Chlamydia tracomatis was 7.4%; gonorrhea 2.0%; trichomoniasis 2.0%; vaginosis 21.3%; candidiasis 9.3%; HPV-related cytological changes 3.3%; syphilis 3.0%; HIV 0.3%; HBV 0.7% and HCV 1.7%. Conclusions: Women are vulnerable population related to sexuality. They do not feel themselves at risk for STD and they do not protect themselves. These results found high frequency of STD and show the needs for prevention measures, including, among others, screening for STD and programs of risk reduction.
Strongyloides stercoralis e infecção pelo HIV : prevalência em pacientes HIV positivos em Vitória, Espírito Santo e revisão sistemática dos casos de estrongiloidíase grave em pacientes com HIV/AIDS
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2011-08-12) Gonçalves, Flávio Lofêgo; Pereira, Fausto Edmundo Lima; Dietze, Reynaldo; Ferreira, Marcelo Simão
Introduction. Data on prevalence of Strongyloides stercoralis in HIV-infected patients are conflicting, both in Brazil and other countries. Despite the profound immunodeficiency, disseminated strongyloidiasis occurs incidentally in patients with HIV/AIDS, but the factors that trigger it are not known. Objectives (a) To search the prevalence of S. stercoralis in HIV-positive patients treated at Hospital CA Moraes in the period 2009-2011 and to compare with the prevalence in samples of the HIV negative patients at the same Hospital; (b) To investigate factors that may be associated with prevalence of Strongyloides, especially the excessive use of ethanol; (c) To review AIDS deaths in the Espírito Santo State between 1996 and 2010, to identify Strongyloides-related deaths; (d) To review the published cases of disseminated strongyloidiasis in AIDS patients, published since the beginning of the epidemic. Methods. Examination of stools, by the method of spontaneous sedimentation in the routine laboratory of the Hospital. Research habits and living conditions (use of footwear, type of occupation, use of treated water and sewerage and excessive use of ethanol (> 80 g / day of ethanol). Revision of deaths certificates between 1996 and 2010, to identify AIDS deaths and deaths related to Strongyloides. A systematic review of all cases of severe strongyloidiasis in AIDS patients, published in journals indexed in Pubmed, was performed. Results. The prevalence of S. stercoralis in 167 HIVpositive patients (13/167; 7,78%, 95% CI 3,7 to 11,7) did not differ significantly from the prevalence in a sample of HIV-negative patients at the same hospital, during the same period (9/220, 4.1%, 95% CI 1,5 to 6,8). In HIV-positive patients, alcoholics, the prevalence was significantly higher than in HIV positive non-alcoholics (respectively, 7/42, 16% and 6/123, 4,8%, p = 0.044) and than in a sample of non-alcoholics, HIV negative patients, at the same hospital (respectively 7/42, 16% and 26/491, 5.3% p = 0.010). The analysis of AIDS deaths revealed no deaths associated with Strongyloides among deaths occurred from 1996 to 2010 in the Espírito Santo State. Beyond severe immunodeficiency, the systematic review of published cases does not identify other frequent associated factors that would be associated with the spread of the parasite, explaining it in most cases. Conclusion: The prevalence of Strongyloides is similar in HIV positive and HIV negative patients at the same Hospital, but is significantly higher when chronic alcoholism is present. In the systematic review of published cases of Strongyloides hyperinfection or dissemination, beyond the immunodeficiency, no factor was reported in many cases, that would explain the dissemination of the parasite.

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