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Um estudo sobre a fase geométrica de Berry e o efeito Aharonov-Bohm dual
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-11-28) Favarato, Cássio Cecato; Belich Junior, Humberto; Lima, Denise da Costa Assafrão de; Bakke Filho, Knut; Orlando, Marcos Tadeu DAzeredo
In this work, we make a review of the literature that the so-called Berry’s geometric phase. A recent issue, which has been employed in various areas of physics. For this, we use, in a number of references, in which many were critical to the theoretical foundation of this work. At first, we focus on the study of the time evolution of quantum systems governed by Hamiltonians operators whose time dependence is manifested by a set of parameters called classical fields. The adiabatic approximation, is justified mathematically when demonstrated the adiabatic theorem. Under these conditions, we obtain geometric phases - Berry’s phase - associated with these systems in different representations, each displaying its particularity. Finally, as a particular case of geometric phase, we studi from the viewpoint of duality transformations of Maxwell’s equations, the dual Aharonov-Bohm effect, extracting the geometric Berry’s phase associated with the dynamics of the magnetic monopole in the presence of the electric vector potential