Doutorado em Agronomia

URI Permanente para esta coleção

http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17349

Nível: Doutorado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2010
Conceito atual na CAPES: 4
Ato normativo: Doutorado - Reconhecido Port. MEC 609, de 14/03/2019, DOU 18/03/2019, parecer 487/2018).
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Produção Vegetal
Url do curso: https://producaovegetal.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGA/detalhes-do-curso?id=1440

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Biocarvões de palha de café e os atributos do solo, desenvolvimento inicial e nutrição do cafeeiro conilon
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2019-02-28) Alvarenga, Anarelly Costa; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/000000017730748X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882320619443256; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0487-881X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4438847218692002; Mendonca, Eduardo de Sá; https://orcid.org/0000000332847129; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735276653354808; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; https://orcid.org/0000000306318581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2975343157348373; Guimaraes, Lorena Abdalla de Oliveira Prata; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4620-9849; http://lattes.cnpq.br/0879888234877795
Coffee is the main agricultural activity in Espírito Santo, being of economic and social relevance to the state. However, during this activity a large volume of by products is generated, especially coffee straw. Proper disposal of this residue is one of the biggest challenges for coffee growing, as it is forbidden to apply fresh coffee straw to the soil. One of the options is to transform coffee straw into biochar, since their addition promotes improvements in the chemical, physical and biological properties of the soil and, consequently, favoring plant development. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effects of the use of conilon coffee straw biochar on the chemical and biological attributes of the soil and also on the initial development and nutrition of conilon coffee. Intuition experiments were carried out under various environmental conditions (field, greenhouse and laboratory). Chapter 1 aimed to evaluate the effects of coffee straw biochar on soil organic matter components. For this, experiments were performed under field and laboratory conditions. The experiment under field conditions was carried out at the Federal Institute of Espírito Santo (IFES), with a 2 x 5 factorial distribution, two conilon coffee straw biochar (two pyrolysis temperatures, 350 and 600 °C) and five doses of these. Biochar applied to the coffee pit: (0.00, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 dm3 ). The experiment under laboratory conditions at the Center of Agrarian Sciences and Engineering of the Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo in a randomized block design (DBC) with five replications. The treatments corresponded to a 2x5 factorial, being the factor 1: the coffee straw biochar produced at two pyrolysis temperatures (350 and 600 ° C); factor 2: coffee straw biochar in 5 doses (0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 t ha-1 ). The results showed that biocarbons did not cause changes in biomass C content and soil microbial activity under field conditions. Pyrolysis temperature had no influence on the oxidizable carbon fractions under field conditions, but there was a dose effect (dm3 ) for labile oxidable carbon fractions, F1 and F2, and for non-labile carbon fractions, F3, in the 0-10 cm from the ground. The use of 6.0 dm3 of biochar in the coffee pit promoted increases of 50 and 70% in the carbon values of labile oxidable fractions, F1 and F2, respectively. For the nonlabile oxidizable carbon fraction, F3, the volume of 4.5 dm3 increased the contents of this fraction by 61%. In the 0-10 cm depth of the soil there was influence of the pyrolysis temperature on the soil TOC contents, where biocarbons produced at 600 ° C promoted a 48% increase in the TOC contents. Regardless of the carbonization temperature, the volume of 4.5 dm3 promoted the increase of 46% in TOC contents in the 10-20 cm soil layer. The results obtained from these studies prove that conilon coffee straw biocarbons are efficient in rapidly increasing soil TOC contents. On the other hand, it was observed that under laboratory conditions, treatments with 600 °C biochar and standardized pH values had a negative effect on soil microbial activity at all doses. Chapter 2 aimed to evaluate the effect of coffee straw biocarbons on soil chemical attributes and initial development of conilon coffee under field conditions. The experiment was carried out at the Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo (IFES), with a 2 x 5 factorial distribution. Two biocarbons of conilon coffee straw (pyrolysis temperatures, 350 and 600 °C) and five doses of these biocarbons, applied to the pit. of coffee: (0.00, 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 dm3 ). Coffea canephora Pierre, Robusta Tropical variety (EMCAPER 8151) was used as an indicator plant. The experiment was conducted for 240 days. Among the evaluated variables, the ones that stood out were the high K contents in pits with biochar application, regardless of the pyrolysis temperature. The use of 6.0 dm3 of coffee straw biochar increased the available soil K contents in the depth of 0-10 cm by 140 mg dm3 . A similar result was observed in the depth of 10-20 cm of soil in which there was an increase of 158 mg dm3 of K with the use of 6 dm3 of biochar in the coffee pit. These increases in soil K contents are caused by the ashes present in the biochar. These materials, regardless of pyrolysis temperature, also promoted increases in soil Ca and Mg contents at 0-10 cm depth. Only biochar produced at 350 °C promoted increases in Cu concentrations in the 0-10 cm soil layer, which was directly proportional to the applied dose, with an increase of 53.5% in the highest dose. The lack of effect of biochar on the initial development and nutrition of coffee may be related to the low capacity of coffee straw biochar to provide macro, except K, and micronutrients to the soil. Chapter 3 aimed to evaluate the effects of increasing doses of coffee straw biochar on the chemical attributes of soil, initial development and nutrition of conilon coffee, (Coffea canephora Pierre, clone 02.) under controlled conditions, greenhouse. Treatments corresponded to a 2x5 factorial, two biochar of coffee straw (pyrolysis temperatures of 350 600 °C); and five doses of each biochar (0; 5; 10; 15 and 20 t ha-1 ). The experimental period began with the planting of seedlings, lasting 180 days. Regardless of pyrolysis temperature, increasing doses of coffee straw biochar promoted progressive increases in soil P and Mg contents. The increase in available P concentrations may be related to the release of humic substances by the biochars. These compounds have functional groups, such as the carboxylic and phenolic groups, that block the phosphorus adsorption sites, increasing the availability of this nutrient in the soil. The increase in available soil K contents was directly proportional to the applied biochar doses, with the highest increases observed when using the biochar produced at 600 ° C. Doses close to 15 and 20 t ha-1 of the coffee straw biochar produced at 600 ° C and 350 ° C, respectively, raise the available soil K content above 200 mg dm3 , which is sufficient to supply the initial demand for this nutrient for the Conilon coffee seedlings. However, it is noteworthy that it is the ashes present in biochar that are responsible for the increase of K concentrations in the soil. Increasing biochar doses up to 10 t ha-1 promoted an increase in plant height and leaf dry mass and total dry mass values. Plants that developed in soils with the addition of biochar produced at 350 ° C had higher leaf dry mass and total dry mass and, consequently, accumulated higher N, K, Fe, Mn contents.
Dinâmica da paisagem e da matéria orgânica do solo de assentamentos rurais no Norte e Sul do Espírito Santo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-12-16) Mancio, Daniel; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Canellas, Luciano Pasquoloto,; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Burak, Diego Lang
The lands for agrarian reform located at Mata Atlantica biome in Espirito Santo State are in advance stage of soil degradation with large extension of degraded pastures.When these lands become settlement, the families found a number of challenges includin
Dinâmica de fósforo e eficiência de superfosfato triplo associado a biocarvões
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2021-05-25) Silva, Ronaldo Willian da; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/000000017730748X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882320619443256; https://orcid.org/0000000317656607; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4046562231214231; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; https://orcid.org/0000000332847129; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735276653354808; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; https://orcid.org/0000000306318581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2975343157348373; Souza, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-9828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3150754055691038; Profeti, Demetrius; https://orcid.org/0000000345653331; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5030262115789096
The accentuated degree of weathering dominance of Brazilian soils promotes characteristics such as low nutrient availability and high phosphorus (P) sorption capacity. Under these conditions, the soil acts as a P sink, competing for nutrient with the plants. The phosphate fertilization efficiency is low and there is a need to apply amounts of phosphate fertilizers above the requirement of agricultural crops. Thus, the use of phosphate fertilizers that contain aggregate technology can be an alternative to reduce P sorption in the soil and increase P availability when compared to conventional phosphate fertilizers. This thesis objective was: i) to evaluate the interaction of coffee straw (CSB), poultry litter (PLB) and eucalyptus bark (EBB) biochars with the P ion and this interaction on P availability effects in the soil; ii) to produce organophosphate fertilizers based on biochars (CSB, PLB and EBB) with greater efficiency compared to conventional phosphate fertilizers. To this end, the thesis carried out laboratory, greenhouse and field conditions experiments, which presented throughout the search in four chapters. In Chapter 1, the aim of the study was to investigate the biochars effect (CSB, PLB and EBB), as well as the effect of ash removal from these biochars on phosphate sorption on soil with variable load. The results indicated that the incorporation of biochars increased the P availability. Could decrease the maximum phosphate adsorption capacity by the soil by up to 25% and reduce the P binding energy to the soil, causing a greater proportion of P sorbed, in order to be desorbed. In Chapter 2, the objective was to evaluate the P solubility and availability in the soil in contact with organophosphate fertilizers based on biochars and triple superphosphate (TSP) over time in the laboratory. The results showed that organophosphate fertilizers had lower P solubility in water. PLB-based fertilizers showed up to 50% lower water solubility than TSP. The coated preparation mode promoted lower initial P release; however, it presents a higher final release than the homogeneous mixture mode. A higher biochar proportion in the fertilizer reduces the water fertilizer solubility. The organophosphate fertilizers presented the lowest initial P release in the soil. However, they also presented the smallest P contents reduction in contact over time. In Chapter 3, the objective was to evaluate the organophosphate fertilizers produced from CSB, PLB and EBB efficiency in coating mode and homogeneous mixture using corn as a test plant in the greenhouse. On average organophosphate fertilizers showed 5.52% agronomic efficiency and 8.16% for P recovery rate higher than TSP. Fertilizers produced in coating mode provided higher P content in the plant and P recovery rate. Considering the higher agronomic efficiency, the 30% biochar/TSP ratio proved to be more efficient. In Chapter 4, the objective was to evaluate the efficiency of organophosphate fertilizers produced from CSB, PLB and EBB in coating mode and homogeneous mixture in corn cultivation under field conditions. Compared to TSP, organophosphate fertilizers showed greater agronomic efficiency (10.8%), P recovery (2.4%) and greater P availability in the soil after harvest (13.2 mg dm-3 ). Fertilizers produced from PLB stood out among the highest averages of agronomic efficiency and P recovery, in addition to having the highest concentration of P available in the soil after harvest. As for the preparation mode, the fertilizers produced in the coating mode promoted greater P availability in the soil. Considering the greater agronomic efficiency and P recovery, the 30% biochar/TSP ratio proved to be more efficient, in addition to promoting a greater P residual effect in the soil.
Fertilizantes com tecnologias associadas como estratégia para aumentar a eficiência da adubação nitrogenada e fosfatada
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2022-10-03) Oliveira, Yago Ricardo de; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; https://orcid.org/0000000306318581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2975343157348373; https://orcid.org/; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2857618187178906; Mendonca, Eduardo de Sá; https://orcid.org/0000000332847129; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735276653354808; Campos, David Vilas Boas de; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/000000017730748X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882320619443256; Donagemma, Guilherme Kangussu
Soil fertility is one of the main factors involved in high yields, and the large losses of nitrogen (N) and the low content of phosphorus (P) available in soils have negatively impacted crop production in most regions. Thus, technological alternatives have been sought to increase the efficiency of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers. Fertilizers with associated technologies have been produced by coating or mixing different materials, among which the use of polymers, organic acids and organic residues has been highlighted. The objective of this thesis was: (i) to evaluate corn yield and NH3 volatilization in nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with associated technologies in different water conditions; (ii) to evaluate the productivity of conilon coffee (Coffea canephora) in response to the application of phosphate and nitrogen fertilizers with associated technologies and; (iii) to evaluate the application of nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers with associated technology in the conilon coffee crop under different water conditions. To this end, experiments were carried out under field conditions, which are presented in three chapters of the thesis. In chapter 1, the results showed that nitrogen fertilizers with associated technologies were efficient in increasing corn productivity and reducing NH3 volatilization when compared to conventional fertilizer. Technologies in nitrogen fertilizers combined with phosphate fertilizers provided increases in corn productivity and NH3 volatilization was lower in polymer coated urea (UPOL), and higher for conventional urea (UC) and urea with organic compost (UORG), for different crops and water conditions. In chapter 2, phosphate fertilizers with technologies were more efficient in increasing coffee productivity when compared to conventional MAP. The application of larger amounts of phosphate fertilizers, in general, provided higher grain production (ripe and total) and productivity. The combination of phosphate fertilizers and polymer-coated urea resulted in higher total production and grain yield in conilon coffee. In chapter 3, nitrogen fertilizers with associated technologies were efficient in increasing the productivity of conilon coffee in the three evaluated crops, when compared to conventional fertilizer, even in conditions of absence of irrigation.
Fosfato monoamônico com tecnologia associada: umidade, temperatura, época de aplicação e tempo de contato
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2023-02-15) Siman, Felipe Cunha; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; https://orcid.org/0000000306318581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2975343157348373; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6493-1822; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3899365912707308; Mattiello, Edson Marcio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7872-5659; http://lattes.cnpq.br/5619934275991329; Souza, Carlos Henrique Eiterer de; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1820-9828; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3150754055691038; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; https://orcid.org/000000017730748X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882320619443256; Martins, Andre Guarconi
The predominance of soils with a marked degree of weathering and high levels of Fe and Al oxides result in low nutrient availability and high phosphorus (P) adsorption capacity. In these soils, soil-plant competition for P added via fertilization is high, which reduces efficiency, as well as the residual effect for successive crops. In this context, the use of fertilizers with associated technology can be an alternative to reduce the intensity of P adsorption and increase availability to plants, increasing absorption and subsequent crop response. The objective of this work was to evaluate the dynamics of P from the application of phosphate fertilizers with associated technology. In the first chapter, the aim was to characterize the conventional phosphate source and associated technologies, identifying the thermogravimetric behavior, the main crystalline phases occurring in fertilizers and the P and C content. The second chapter aimed to evaluate the P levels in the soil over time from the application of phosphate fertilizers with associated technology under temperature variation, different volumetric soil water contents and over the evaluation periods. With this experiment, it was concluded that fertilizers with associated technology altered the availability of P compared to the conventional source in lower volumetric water content (60 % CC) and can be used in combination to supply crop demand in the short and long term. The third chapter aimed to evaluate the P content in the soil extracted by water and Mehlich-1, dry matter mass of the aerial part and leaf area in the corn crop after incubation of the soil with phosphate sources with associated technology over 150 days and by two successive cultivations. As a result, it was observed that fertilizers with associated technology were superior to the soluble source for the P content in water and Mehlich-1 and for the initial development of the corn crop in the second cropping cycle. Chapter 4 was an experiment conduced in a greenhouse and aimed to evaluate the initial development of the coffee tree from the use of a conventional phosphate source (monoammonium phosphate) and with associated technologies applied in clayey soil with three volumetric water contents. The results indicated that the highest efficiency of the associated technologies occurred in the lowest volumetric water contents, in general 60 and 70 % of the field capacity (CC), evidencing its efficiency for water stress conditions or low water content in the soil. Chapter 5 aimed to evaluate the initial development of the corn crop under the application of a conventional phosphate source associated with the use of technologies subjected to three volumetric water contents and in three successive crops. In general, it was observed that the coated fertilizers were more efficient compared to the conventional source for all variables and in the three crop cycles and at lower volumetric water contents, which indicates potential use in field conditions for crops not irrigated. Finally, chapter 6 aimed to evaluate the effects of phosphate fertilizers with associated technology and the availability of phosphorus in the soil after successive coffee crops. It was concluded that the main effect of fertilizers with associated technology occurred in the labile fraction of the soil, but an increase in P levels was also observed in the moderately labile and restricted labile fractions.
Impact of soil management on water, sediments and nutrients losses: field, laboratory and modeling experiments
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-02-22) Rocha Junior, Paulo Roberto; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Cecílio, Roberto Avelino; Fernandes, Raphael Bragança Alves; Donagemma, Guilherme Kangussú
Inibidores de urease, serapilheira e adensamento do cafeeiro arábica: relações com a matéria orgânica do solo
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-03-27) Guimarães, Gabriel Pinto; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá; Souza, Gustavo Soares de; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos
The use of technologies in coffee plantations should provide improvements in management conditions, help in plant production and promote quality in the soil and environment. In this sense, fertilizer technologies with urease inhibitors, foliar leaf litter
Novas tecnologias em fertilizantes nitrogenados : volatilização de amônia e produtividade do cafeeiro conilon
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-04-03) Machado, Ramires Ventura; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3284-7129; http://lattes.cnpq.br/4735276653354808; Andrade, Felipe Vaz ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0631-8581; http://lattes.cnpq.br/2975343157348373; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8227-9540; http://lattes.cnpq.br/9391806610978072; Passos, Renato Ribeiro ; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7730-748X; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3882320619443256; Rangel, Otacilio José Passos ; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1539-6533; http://lattes.cnpq.br/7212423450267908; Donagemma, Guilherme Kangussu ; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0535-4783; http://lattes.cnpq.br/3949124993859559
Urea is the most used nitrogen fertilizer in Brazil and in the world, but its superficial application may result in losses due to volatilization of ammonia, due to the action of urease. The growing demand for food associated with the concern of society with the environment has encouraged the search for new technologies to reduce the losses associated with the application of fertilizers, especially nitrogenous ones. The aim of this study was to evaluate the dynamics of nitrogen, from the application of new technologies associated with nitrogen fertilizers. For this the present thesis is structured in 4 chapters. Chapter 1 relates to a laboratory experiment in a 5 x 2 x 2 factorial scheme, with 5 nitrogen fertilizers (conventional urea (UA), urea + boron and copper (UBC), urea + urease inhibitor - NBPT (UNBPT) , and 2 fertilizers with sulfur-polymer coated urea (UPS1 and UPS2), 2 matric potentials (-30 kPa and -75 kPa) and 2 forms of application: Form 1 (100% of the dose applied uniquely at the beginning of the experiment) and Form 2 (50% at the beginning of the experiment and 50% at 7 days), aiming to quantify losses by volatilization of NH3 from the application of fertilizers with associated technology submitted to different matric potentials and application forms. Chapter 2, also performed in the laboratory, besides quantifying NH3 volatilization, also determined the urease activity and soil CO2 flux using 4 nitrogen fertilizers (conventional urea (UC), urea + boron and copper (UBC), urea + urease inhibitor - NBPT (UNBPT) and urea coated with sulfur and polymer (UPS) and the same application forms used in chapter 1. Chapter 3 refers to a greenhouse experiment to evaluate the initial growth of conilon coffee as a function of the application of new technologies in nitrogen fertilizers submitted to different matric potentials. The same fertilizers used in chapter 2 and two different matric potentials were used -75 kPa and -150 kPa. Chapter 4 was carried out from an experiment in the field to evaluate the nutrition and production of conilon coffee from the application of technologies in nitrogen fertilizers submitted to different forms of application. The fertilizers used were the same as in Chapter 3 and the application forms were 100% of the nitrogen fertilization in single application; 50% of the nitrogen fertilization applied in the flowering and 50% in the grains formation; and 65% of nitrogen fertilization applied in flowering and 35% in grains 10 formation. Chapter 1 demonstrated that new technologies in nitrogen fertilizers reduced the volatilization of N-NH3, where the polymer and sulfur coated fertilizers presented lower losses due to volatilization of N-NH3. The treatments with higher matric potential (-30 kPa) reduced the volatilization of N-NH3 by 16.3% and the single fertilization (100%) presented on average losses by volatilization of N-NH3 23.5% lower. In Chapter 2 it was observed that technologies applied to nitrogen fertilizers (UBC, UNBPT and UPS) reduced losses by volatilization by 40% and soil urease activity by 22% when compared to UC, with UPS being the fertilizer received the best evaluation. The split reduced N-NH3 volatilization losses by 36.1 and 65.2% for UNBPT and UPS fertilizers respectively, and the CO2 flux did not change as a function of the treatments. Chapter 3 concluded that nitrogen fertilizer technologies influenced the initial growth and nutrition of the conilon coffee tree, increasing leaf area (8.8%), leaf dry matter (9.7%) and stem (11.8%), and N content in the dry matter in the leaf (12.9%). The UC, UBC and UNBPT were influenced by a higher matric potential (-75 kPa). The UPS was not influenced by the soil matric potential. Chapter 4 demonstrated that nitrogen fertilizer technologies applied to conilon coffee produced 17 bags per hectare more than conventional urea. There was no difference between N fertilizer technologies when evaluating the productivity and concentration of total N and P in the leaves of conilon coffee, and that the application of each nitrogen fertilizer did not influence the productivity and nutrition of conilon coffee
Uso de finos de carvão e esterco de galinha em solo cultivado com milho e na produção de mudas de café
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-30) Ribeiro, Paulo Henrique; Mendonça, Eduardo de Sá,; Passos, Renato Ribeiro; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Burak, Diego Lang; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Lima, Wallace Luís de
The organic composts based on charcoal fines and chicken manure can improve soil fertility and plant production. The aim of this thesis was to evaluate the chemical and physical characteristics of eucalyptus fine charcoal incubated with chicken manure, th
Utilização de resíduos industriais como corretivo de acidez do solo e fonte de nutrientes para o cafeeiro
(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014-02-13) Nogueira, Natiélia Oliveira; Andrade, Felipe Vaz; Tomaz, Marcelo Antonio; Rangel, Otacílio José Passos; Prezotti, Luiz Carlos; Amaral, José Franscisco Teixeira do
The use of industrial residues in agriculture has shown potential when used as soil acidity correction or fertilizers. Moreover, it presents benefits to the environment by reducing environmental impacts due to the large amount of residues generated in the

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