Engenharia e Desenvolvimento Sustentável - Mestrado Profissional
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- ItemAproveitamento de resíduos para produção de lipases fúngicas via fermentação em estado sólido(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-02-27) Teodoro, Arthur Fagundes dos Santos; Rodrigues, Celson; Cassini, Servio Tulio Alves; 1º membro da bancaLipases are enzymes responsible for the catalysis of reactions from a wide variety of industrial processes. Solid fermentation appears as an alternative for the production of enzymes due to the low cost and possibility of using residues of low value and with great abundance, besides requiring a smaller amount of energy in comparison to the submerged fermentation. This work had as objective to produce lipases by the fungi Penicillim sp. and Rhizomucor sp. by solid fermentation using sugar cane bagasse and coconut fiber. Initially, preliminary tests were carried out to test the use of a nutrient solution. After the tests, the enzyme production was optimized through an experimental design 33, where the influence of the inducer concentration (soybean oil) was studied in 2.5%, 5% and 10%, at a temperature of 27 ° C, 30 ° C and 33 ° C, and 40%, 60% and 80% field retention capacity for each medium and fungus. With the use of sugarcane bagasse as a support medium, Penicillium sp presented the highest lipase activity (147,5 U/g) at 30°C temperature, 60% field capacity and 5% of the inductor, with the Inductor Concentration and Temperature with significant influence on the results. Rhizomucor sp had the highest lipase activity (161,3 U/g) under the same conditions mentioned above and with the same significant influence on the results. For coconut fiber, Penicillium sp presented the highest lipase activity (75 U/g) under conditions of 30 ° C temperature, 60% humidity and 10% of the inductor, with field capacity, concentration of the inductor and temperature with significant influence on results. Rhizomucor sp had the highest lipase activity (78,9 U/g) under the same conditions mentioned above and with the same influence in the results.
- ItemAvaliação do cenário de compra e venda de resíduos sólidos recicláveis nos Municípios do CONDOESTE/ES(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-04-19) Dutra, Renato Meira de Sousa; Felipe, Ednilson Silva; Siman, Renato Ribeiro; 1º membro da bancaIn spite of the recycling is a viable alternative to minimize the impacts caused by the production of municipal solid waste, for its empowerment it becomes necessary to identify the recycling market, with projections of production's supply and demand to define strategies, resources and reliable local conditions. Thefore, this study had as goal to evaluate the current and future buying and selling of recyclable solid waste in 16 cities of state of Espírito Santo. The research identified through the application of interviews (Surveys), fieldresearch and secondary data collection that while relying on poor infrastructure and dependence on Government subsidies, the 12 surveyed pickers organizations can forward 9.1% of recyclable waste from selective collection to recycle with an average productivity of screening of 109 kg/picker/day with an average payment of R $ 945.00/picker/month. From the methodology proposed by Damásio (2010a, 2010b), 17% of organizations surveyed were classified as medium efficiency, as opposed to 82% of them operating with very low efficiency. For the adequacy and expansion of screening capacity of scavengers organizations (infrastructure and equipment), to a scenario of 100% selective collection in the cities surveyed, would be required investments of 16.5 million reais,which could be paid by the savings from the current 6 million reais spent per year with the disposal of recyclable waste to landfill. This investment also allows the creation of 467 new jobs, representing growth of 402% for the insertion of pickers in theformal the employment market. Regarding the consumer market, few recycling companies have been identified in the region, which may justify the low price paid for the waste. The market for recyclable Espírito Santo is formed mostly by micro and small enterprises, which generally cary out the activities of collection, transportation, screening and marketing of waste.About supplier market, the industry, followed by pickers organizations and junky yard, and in fourth place individual pickers, were the typicalsources of recyclable identified in Espírito Santo.
- ItemInfluência dos registros fisiográficos e das alternativas de modelagem de processos hidrológicos na determinação de vazões de projeto(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-09-12) Souza, Joseline Corrêa; Reis, José Antônio Tosta dos; 1º membro da bancaabstract
- ItemPotencial energético da co-digestão da biomassa de microalgas no tratamento de esgoto sanitário em reatores UASB(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-03-18) Azeredo, Ludimila Zotele; Gonçalves, Ricardo Franci; 1º membro da bancaThis study aims to estimate the energy potential of a new type of wastewater treatment plant, whose system was designed by the Núcleo Água team from UFES and aims maximizing the use of energy, nutrients and water for reuse. The association in series of preliminary treatment step, UASB reactor, high rate pond and a solid separation phase - liquid collection and recycling of microalgae, composes the treatment system. This microalgae biomass is sent to the UASB to maximize biogas production during anaerobic digestion and increase energy system availability. To quantify the Energy Availability (EID) by performing mass balance and energy individualized for each process and for the integrated system, mathematical models of design and experiments reported in the literature were used. The DIE estimated, in the form of biogas, was 6,78 W per person (0,99KWh / m3 ) in UASB reactor without digestion of biomass from post-treatment, and the integrated system, after the co-digestion of microalgae showed an EID of 10,21 W per person (1.75 KWh / m3 ). The results indicated a positive energy balance, being the system available energy (1.75 KWh / m3) is 13 (thirteen) times greater than the demand required for its operation (0.13 KWh / m3.d) and 03 (three) times the amount produced when converted into electrical energy. (0.50 KWh / m3). This new wastewater treatment plant model can be considered to have a positive balance of energy, featuring operational simplicity, operating in the tertiary treatment of sewage, allowing the recovery of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients, operating in sequestering CO2 and hence contributing to reducing the concentration of green house gases in the atmosphere.