Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento
URI Permanente para esta coleção
Nível: Mestrado Acadêmico
Ano de início: 2013
Conceito atual na CAPES: 5
Ato normativo: Homologado pelo CNE/CES Parecer nº 250/2014, portaria nº 187 de 06/03/2015, publicado no DOU de 09/03/2015 seção 1, página 11
Periodicidade de seleção: Semestral
Área(s) de concentração: Genética e Melhoramento
Url do curso: https://geneticaemelhoramento.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGGM/detalhes-do-curso?id=1415
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Navegando Mestrado em Genética e Melhoramento por Autor "Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler"
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- ItemCaracterização genética e do solo em populações nativas de Vochysia bifalcata warm. no Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2015-02-26) Vianna, Larissa Souza; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis HornVochysia bifalcata is popularly known as Guaricica, is a tree neotropical species whose survival is threatened due to degradation processes of the natural environment and man operation, considered the threat of state they are in, it is necessary to obtain more detailed information the genetic diversity of natural populations of this species, which is possible from studies with microsatellite markers. In this context, the present study was to evaluate objetvo the genetic diversity of Vochysia bifalcata species and characterize soil fertility in two native populations established in Caparaó National Park, ES. Therefore, leaf samples from 28 adult individuals were collected from two native populations of V. bifalta. For transferability test were tested 8 microsatellite primers developed for Qualea grandiflora and 10 designed to Vochysia ferruginea in the genome of individuals to V. bifalcata. Total genomic DNA was isolated using the Doyle & Doyle protocol (1990) modified. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on gel polyacrylamide 10% with 1X TBE buffer. Electrophoresis was performed at constant voltage of 100 W for 5 hours. The markers that generate satisfactory amplifications were then used for the studies and genetic diversity of structure in all 28 individuals sampled. We randomly selected six soil sampling points in each population at depths 0-5; 5-10 e 10-20 cm and chemical analyzes were performed using the methodology proposed by EMBRAPA (1997). The heterologous amplification results for V. ferruginea to V. bifalcata were satisfactory, and then used for statistical analysis and Q. grandiflora for V. bifalcata were satisfactory, however proved to be monomorphic. For starters, V. ferruginea the results showed the average occurrence of 4.85 lleles/locus. In both two populations of seven loci analyzed suggested the presence of null alleles, with significant frequency. The allelic richness were similar between the two populations. The average observed heterozygosity for the population I was 0.434 and population II was 0.355, both distinct from the expected to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The average fixation index for the population I was 0.390 and the population II was 0.328, indicating the presence of inbreeding within populations. The average value of Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) was 0.608 for the population I and 0.566 for the population II and are considered highly informative. The pair of genotypes (9 and 11) and (5 and 9) were identified as the least dissimilar opulations the population I and II, respectively. The amount of GST (0.079) indicated a moderate genetic differentiation among populations. To AMOVA, 92.86% of the variation was within 12 populations and among populations 7.13%. After analyzing the program, STRUCTURE was possible to define the division into two groups of genotypes. The obtained average gene flow was 2.88 being considered high enough to counteract the effects of genetic drift. These data generate important information about the genetic variability, proving the importance of Caparaó National Park for the species conservation. Soil samples analyzed demonstrated that the fertility of both populations are present and a low acidity, the homogeneity of the soil fertility can be explained by the soil and climatic characteristics similar between the two study populations.
- ItemCaracterização molecular de Anadenanthera colubrina (Vell.) Brenan. em fragmentos de floresta atlântica para a seleção de matrizes(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2018-09-28) Silva, Karla Daniele Araújo da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Kunz, Sustanis Horn; Soares, Taís Cristina Bastos
- ItemDiversidade genética de Anadenanthera peregrina (L.) Speg. (Fabaceae) em área de plantio no sul do Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-30) Cortelete, Maressa Albuquerque; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Rosado, Carla Cristina GonçalvesThe development of a forest species aiming the production in plantations demands works of pre-breeding and the development of silvicultural techniques. Obtaining information that reveals the levels of genetic diversity, as well as the processes that maintain it, is necessary when it is desired to practice conservation and breeding measures. Knowing and understanding how genetic diversity is structured in geographic space contributes to the understanding of the evolutionary history and the population dynamics of the species. For most of the species of the Atlantic Forest Biome, there is still little knowledge about genetic diversity for possible breeding programs, so this work aims to generate information about the genetic variability of Anadenanthera peregrina (angico-vermelho), established in an area of planted forest in the southern region of Espírito Santo, through molecular markers. Leaf tissue samples from each plant were used for the extraction and purification of the DNA. The molecular data record was made from polymorphisms of the PCR products among genotypes, detected by 10% polyacrylamide electrophoresis. Six SSR molecular markers were used and the number, richness and frequency of alleles, frequencies and genotypic distributions, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium deviations and fixation index (F) were calculated for each locus. The values of genetic similarity between individuals in the population were estimated by the square of the mean Euclidean distance from the molecular data. Estimates of genetic dissimilarity (dii ') were made according to the arithmetic complement of the simple coincidence coefficient and organized into matrices, to be used in cluster analysis by the mean linkage between groups (UPGMA). The inference of genetic groups in the individuals of the population was made using a Bayesian Monte Carlo Markov Chain (MCMC) approach. Were selected 166 individuals, each tree it had the georeferential location (by GPS) and it was characterized dendometrically (DBH and total height). All loci presented polymorphism and the number of alleles per locus ranged from 4 to 9. The mean value of PIC was informative (0.72), the expected and observed mean heterozygosity values were 0.76 and 0.74 respectively, and the ratio of these values generated negative fixation indexes (FIS) at some loci, indicating the excess of heterozygotes in the population, for the Acol 18 and Acol 18 loci, the values were positive. The genetic diversity (H ') had values equal to the expected proportion of heterozygotes (He) - 0.76, showing that the population is in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The allelic richness was on average 7.64 alleles per loco. The dii 'estimates were 100% in 89 access pairs and the lowest dii' value was between 82 and 83 individuals (7.14%). The dendrogram obtained by the UPGMA method shows that the population is structured in 6 groups, and the analysis by Bayesian approach confirms that the population is structured in only 2 genetic groups (K = 2). By means of these two methods it is possible the orientation for selection of individuals with smaller or greater genetic variability, thus obtaining lots of seeds with good genetic variability for a future seed orchard
- ItemDiversidade genética de Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby, em área de plantio no Espírito Santo(Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2016-08-26) Silva Júnior, Adelson Lemes da; Miranda, Fábio Demolinari de; Caldeira, Marcos Vinicius Winckler; Gonçalves, Elzimar de Oliveira; Rosado, Carla Cristina GonçalvesSchizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex. Ducke) Barneby, is popularly known as Paricá and endemic to the Amazon rainforest. Its wood is of great acceptance in the timber sector, due to its well formed and straight trunk, with smooth, uniform texture and sapwood white. It also presents ecological importance and may be used in degraded areas restoration projects due to its rapid growth. For landscaping is considered an ornamental species, because of its intense yellow flowering, sweet aroma. However, despite the importance and potential of the species, there is no availability of genetically improved material, selected to the environmental conditions of the Espírito Santo. In this sense, the present study aimed to characterize the genetic diversity in a population of S. amazonicum established in an area of forest planted in the southern state of Espírito Santo. Information on the population structure and genetic diversity are needed in pre-breeding program and germplasm conservation of this species, especially when you want to use this as planting seed orchard. The experimental design was randomized blocks, consisting of 3 blocks and 5 treatments, ie five spacings (3x2 m, 3x3 m, 3x4 m, 4x4 m and 5x5 m). Initially, it carried out the forest inventory of the population for the variables dendrometric diameter at breast height (DBH) and total height (Ht). Analysis of variance and the Tukey test revealed that only the treatments had an effect on dendrometric variables. Therefore, they were chosen that had higher average and were not statistically different from each other, and the treatments T3, T4 and T5 representing the spacing 3x4 m, 4x4 m and 5x5 m, respectively. Thus, for the selection of mother trees was carried out the overall average of DAP and Ht variables for the chosen treatments, being marked and georeferenced 57 trees in each treatment, totaling 171 trees. For the purpose of the study were used 11 primers Inter Simple Sequence Repeats (ISSR), which generated 79 polymorphic (58%). About polymorphic information content (PIC) held for ISSR, average of 0.37 was found, characterizing them as informative averagely. The locos number found (n = 79) was higher than that established as optimal number (n = 69). The results corroborated the dendrogram with Bayesian analysis by STRUCTURE program, according to the method ?K the most likely number of clusters K is defined as two (K = 2). Thus, a group formed with the majority of individuals (genotypes 153) and the second with a minority (18 genotypes). High genetic diversity was found with number of observed alleles (Na = 2.00), number of effective alleles (Ne = 1.65), diversity index of Nei (H' = 0.375) and Shannon index (I = 0.554). With this study we found that the ISSR markers were efficient to characterize the genetic diversity in S. amazonicum, and that the population can be used as orchard for seed collection and seedling production with greater genetic variability.