Ciências Farmacêuticas

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http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/17568
Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Farmacêuticas

Centro: CCS
Telefone: (27) 3335-7360
URL do programa: http://www.farmacia.vitoria.ufes.br/pt-br/pos-graduacao/PPGCFAR

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    Epidemiologia molecular e caracterização da resistência de amostras de Acinetobacter baumannii e Pseudomonas aeruginosa resistentes aos carbapenêmicos provenientes de hospitais da grande Vitória-ES
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-08-30) Vallorini, Thalita Pereira Cabral; Schuenck, Ricardo Pinto; 1º membro da banca
    The emergence and spread of antimicrobial resistance among non-fermenting Gram-negative bacilli, such as Acinetobacter baumannii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a worldwide problem. Carbapenems are beta-lactam antimicrobials indicated for the treatment of serious infections caused by these agents, however, the emergence of multiresistant pathogens seriously threatens the use of this class of drug in the hospital environment. The present work aimed to characterize clinical samples of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii resistant to cabapenems, as well as the presence of beta-lactam resistance genes, epidemiological profile and susceptibility to antimicrobials used in clinical routine. The antimicrobial susceptibility was performed by disc diffusion and antimicrobial gradient tests. PCR was used to the detection of beta-lactamases-encoding genes and the genetic polymorphism was analyzed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) and multilocus sequence typing (MLST) techniques. The species included in this study were: A. baumannii (n = 26) and P. aeruginosa (n = 15). The most of the isolates presented a multiresistance profile to the tested antimicrobials, highlighting the resistance to colistin in nine isolates of A. baumannii. Among the A. baumannii isolates, the prevalent carbapenemase gene (92.3%) was blaOXA-23 and in P. aeruginosa isolates the blaVIM gene was prevalent (33.3%). The PFGE analysis showed the prevalence of two pulsotypes among the A. baumannii: abA (34.6%) and abB (23%), while the P. aeruginosa isolates presented distinct pulsotypes, demonstrating the polyclonal origin of isolates. MLST was performed in five isolates of P. aeruginosa presenting different pulsotypes and STs 357, 2321, 1121, 244 and 227 were found, with two clonal complexes of world importance: CC235 and CC244. In addition, ST357, ST2321 and ST1121 were described for the first time in Brazil.
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    Estudo químico e biológico de Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Kuntze (Amaryllidaceae)
    (Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2017-02-23) Soprani, Letícia Carlesso; Borges, Warley de Souza; Jamal, Claudia Masrouah; 1º membro da banca
    Hippeastrum puniceum is a specie that belongs to Amaryllidaceae This family presents a very specific group of alkaloids known as Amaryllidaceae alkaloids, (group of isoquinoline alkaloids), showing several biological activities such as antioxidant activity, inhibition of the enzyme acetylcholinesterase, antiviral action, antifungal, antiparasitic, and others. The purpose of this work was to study the chemical composition of the bulbs of the species Hippeastrum puniceum (Lam.) Kuntz., and evaluate the possible biological activity. The acidbase extraction was performed for the methanolic extract of H. puniceum bulbs, obtaining 03 other fractions: Hp01 (Hexan), Hp02 (Ethyl Acetate) e Hp03 (Ethyl Acetate:Methanol 3:1). Then were used classics techniques of fractionation and purification. Tests were performed to evaluate the antioxidant activity against the synthetic radical DPPH and ABTS, as well as the determination of in vitro thrombolytic activity that evaluated the capacity of the extracts promote clot lysis. Analysis of the extracts by GC-MS revealed the presence of 11 alkaloids: 9-O-demethyllicoramine, licoramine, galantamine, assoanine, kirkine, 8- demethylmaritidine, pancratinine, 11-hydroxyvittatine, pseudolicorine, 2αhydroxyhomolycorine and licorine. They were isolated by standard techniques of isolation and purification of the alkaloids 9-O-demethyllycoramine, 9- demethyl-2α-hydroxyhomolycorine, licorine and tazettine. The fractions HpEb, Hp02 and Hp03 showed antioxidant capacity. The results obtained demonstrate the progress in the phytochemical study of Hippeastrum puniceum. However it is necessary to search for other methodologies to evaluate the biological potential of this species.